Toward Better Utilization of Scientific and Engineering Talent: a Program for Action; Report (1964) / Chapter Skim
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NEEDS AND RESOURCES
NEEDS AND RESOURCES
Pages 3-11
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From page 3... ...
TOTAL 1.7 MILLION 950 THOUSAND 500 THOUSAND 2.8% OF TOTAL WORK FORCE -2% -1% 1940 1950 1960 1970 EST. 250 THOUSAND SCIENTISTS ENGINEERS SECONDARY-SCHOOL TEACHERS Based on "Profiles of Manpower in Science and Technology," National Science Foundation, 63-23.
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From page 4... ...
Today, between two and three out of every ten scientists and engineers in the United States are engaged in work intended to strengthen the nation's security and to improve its position in space exploration. Approximately four out of every ten devote their efforts to commercial and industrial pursuits in the private sector of the economy, and about two out of every ten work in education.
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From page 5... ...
Western Europe has already become a formidable commercial competitor of the United States. It is reasonable to assume that Western Europe's competitive strength, bolstered by the rapid progress it has been making in industrial technology, will continue to grow, and the United States, if it wishes to hold its ground, may have to invest more scientific and engineering talent in industrial research and development.
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From page 6... ...
There may be a growing demand for scientists and engineers in research and development aimed at strengthening our competitive position in world trade. Finally, we must allow for greater use of scientific and engineering talent in programs of economic development, and eventually for its deployment in international undertakings aimed at controlling the physical environment of the world, and at improving social conditions.
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From page 7... ...
FIGURE III SCIENTISTS, ENGINEERS, AND SECONDARY-SCHOOL TEACHERS OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS, DISTRIBUTED BY FIELD OF WORK (1963 ESTIMATE) WITH DOCTORAL DEGREES CHEMISTS PHYSICISTS MATHEMATICIANS OTHER PHYSICAL SCIENTISTS LIFE SCIENTISTS PSYCHOLOGISTS SOCIAL SCIENTISTS SECONDARY-SCHOOL TEACHERS AERONAUTICAL AND ASTRONAUTICAL ENGINEERS CHEMICAL ENGINEERS CIVIL ENGINEERS ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERS MECHANICAL ENGINEERS OTHER ENGINEERS 2% 20% I TOTAL SECONDARY-SCHOOL TEACHERS 14.7% TOTAL ENGINEERS 56.1% Based on "Profiles of Manpower in Science and Technology," National Science Foundation, 63-23.
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SCIENTISTS ENGINEERS RESEARCH RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, MANAGEMENT TEACHING IN COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES PRODUCTION, OPERATIONS OTHER (SECONDARY-SCHOOL TEACHERS NOT INCLUDED) Based on "Profiles of Manpower in Science and Technology," National Science Foundation, 63-23.
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From page 9... ...
The Committee has focused its attention upon three kinds of institutions: the federal government, private industrial corporations, and colleges and universities. Together, as shown in Figure V, they employ the overwhelming majority of all scientists and engineers.
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From page 10... ...
The government not only employs a large number of scientists and engineers, but also finances the work of a very substantial fraction of all those who do research and development work in private industry or at colleges and universities. Indeed, as Figure VI shows, the federal government now supports about three fifths of the nation's scientists and engineers engaged in research and development.
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EMPLOYED BY INDUSTRY 75% I EMPLOYED BY GOVERNMENT 11% EMPLOYED BY COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES 12% OTHER 2% 60% FEDERAL GOVERNMENT FUNDS NOTE: 80% OF THE FEDERAL FUNDS FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ARE DISBURSED BY TWO AGENCIES-DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE AND NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION. Based on "Profiles of Manpower in Science and Technology," National Science Foundation, 63-23.
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