Effects of a Polluted Environment Research and Development Needs (1977) / Chapter Skim
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EFFECTS ON WILD AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS
EFFECTS ON WILD AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS
Pages 64-73
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From page 64... ...
Specifically, closely coordinated studies are needed to assess the health status of animal populations in the field before, during, and after pollution episodes of short cr long duration; to measure exposures of animals to agents suspected of causing any effects observed; to test the effects of the same agents on animals under controlled laboratory conditions; and to elucidate the metabolic and ecological mechanisms cf effects. Effective study cf the impacts of environmental contaminants on animals requires integrated multidisciplinary research.
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From page 65... ...
Investigations have concentrated on organisms with important eccnomic significance, such as agricultural pests, pollinators, shellfish, commercial food and game fish, and the food chain organisms on which the latter depend. Effects on wild birds and mammals have been studied less intensively, although these effects have received much public attention.
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From page 66... ...
To achieve the capability to predict and prevent effects cn domestic animals and wildlife, some broad principles of chemical ecology must be developed. Unifying concepts are needed to understand and predict species differences, tc assess the risks of mixtures of pollutants, and to resolve ether currently unanswerable questions.
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From page 67... ...
Effects in animals with relatively short lifespans may, in some cases, serve as early warnings of potential chronic effects in humans, and animal epidemiolcgical data might provide corroborative evidence of patterns of diseases in man. Ir many other instances, the suffering and economic damage that environmental agents cause in animal populations are important in themselves, regardless cf implications for human health.
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From page 68... ...
Determination of the ecological significance of behavioral and other subtle effects or animals requires laboratory studies that go beyond single species and examine interactions typical of the ecological community, Fesearch is needed to advance conceptual models and techniques for experimental study in this area. Initial efforts should - 68
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From page 69... ...
Disease, competitior, predation, the weather, and inherent characteristics of the population contribute to natural fluctuations in population density, and other factors unrelated tc polluticn may have adverse effects on wildlife, If effects of pollutants are to be distinguished from those due to other causes, field research must be closely tied to both laboratory tests and investigations of mechanisms.
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From page 70... ...
, many state agricultural research programs, the animal producing industry, scme health agencies, and university scientists in several disciplines. Research on effects on wildlife is being done by or for the Department of the Interior (Fish and Wildlife Service)
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From page 71... ...
As in most environmental research, irteragency coordination is important; in particular, research in other agencies should draw upon EPA's knowledge of the current cr likely state of the environmert and potential impacts cf new technologies, and EPA should be irade aware early of any problems that might have important impacts on domestic or wild animals. A substantial amount of research manpower and resources will prcbably need to be devoted to standardized toxicological tests on domestic animals and wildlife to develop information for regulatory decisions, work of this sort (beyond that required of industry)
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From page 72... ...
Water Quality Criteria of 1972. A Report of the Committee on Vater Quality Criteria, Environmental Studies Board, National Academy cf Sciences, at the request cf and funded by the U.S.
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From page 73... ...
Eorgiian (1966) Eehavioural pathology in fish: A quantitative study cf sublethal pesticide toxication.
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