The Current State of Obesity Solutions in the United States Workshop Summary (2014) / Chapter Skim
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2 Current Epidemiology of Obesity in the United States
2 Current Epidemiology of Obesity in the United States
Pages 5-14
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From page 5... ...
William Dietz, former director of the Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) , presented an overview of the current epidemiology of obesity in the United States.
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, which conducts continuous surveys and groups the data in 2-year increments, obesity appears to have plateaued among women and girls regardless of ethnicity, although it continues to increase among men and boys. In adult men, obesity increased by 7 percent from 1999-2000 to 2009-2010 and continues to increase (see Figure 2-1)
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Higher income white children have lower obesity rates than their lower-income counterparts, but no significant socioeconomic relationship with obesity is seen in African American boys or girls. Among children, as with adults, Dietz pointed out, ethnic disparities will continue to widen if the incidence of obesity continues to differ by group.
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AN ANALOGY WITH TOBACCO Dietz pointed to the tobacco epidemic as a model for understanding obesity trends. Per capita cigarette consumption began to increase in 1900 and continued to increase until the 1950s, when the first report linking smoking and cancer appeared (see Figure 2-4)
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SEVERE OBESITY Despite the optimistic observations noted above, the prevalence of severe obesity in children and adolescents -- defined as body mass index (BMI) more than 120 percent of the 95th percentile -- is increasing.
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During the 12-year period covered by the most recent NHANES data, severe obesity increased by about 30 percent in both men and women (see Figure 2-7) , with disparities particularly notable in African American women (see Figure 2-8)
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SOURCE: Wang et al., 2011. Men Women Women 15 10 8.1 Percent 6.2 5 4.4 3.1 0 1999-2000 2001-2002 2003-2004 2005-2006 2007-2008 2009-2010 Year FIGURE 2-7 Severe obesity has continued to increase in both men and women.
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Care extenders, group care, education for providers, and joint clinical and public health approaches all are possible ways of dealing with the problem that have not seen widespread use in the past. For example, Dietz observed that very few medical, nursing, or dietetic schools teach providers how to initiate discussion of obesity in ways and using terms that are not offensive.
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From page 13... ...
These three strategies could increase moderate to vigorous physical activity by as much as 23 minutes, 19 minutes, and 16 minutes per day, respectively. 1 Competitive foods are defined as foods and beverages offered at schools other than meals and snacks served through the federally reimbursed school lunch, breakfast, and after-school snack programs.
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From page 14... ...
For example, the Childhood Obesity Intervention Cost Effectiveness Study (CHOICES) , analyzes the reach, the cost, the BMI unit decrease, and the cost per BMI unit decrease of four strategies.
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