Ranking Vaccines Applications of a Prioritization Software Tool: Phase III: Use Case Studies and Data Framework (2015) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
2 Data Synthesis and Framework
2 Data Synthesis and Framework
Pages 19-30
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 19... ...
Data on the costs of treating various diseases will typically be the most difficult to obtain. In the United States, many data sources provide insight into these treatment cost patterns, but the data from these sources typically pertain to specialized populations (e.g., Medicare databases deal mainly with those 19
|
From page 20... ...
SMART Vaccines 1.1 takes a summary measure of the costs of treat ment as a single variable. In the previous version 1.0, users had to fill out a detailed data input table to complete the treatment costs data section.
|
From page 21... ...
Attributes and Boundary Setting In the multi-attribute utility theory model1 that underpins the SMART Score, users choose attributes as part of the ranking method used to prioritize vaccines. The attributes are based on either quantitative or qualitative measures.
|
From page 22... ...
2. Case fatality rate Probability of death, Disease burden includes case (probability)
|
From page 23... ...
Percentage of cases is obtained (iii) Disability weight tolls and disability from disease burden estimates.
|
From page 24... ...
24 RANKING VACCINES: Applications of a Prioritization Software Tool TABLE 2-4 Vaccine Product Profile Information for SMART Vaccines 1.1 Vaccine Product Profile Information Description Notes and Specific Considerations 1. Coverage Anticipated Because new vaccines do not yet (percentage)
|
From page 25... ...
Likewise, for the number of passengers the six-passenger range would be converted to a 100-point scale, with two passengers receiving the lowest score of 0 and eight passengers receiving a score of 100. Having converted all attributes to a common 100-point range using weights provided by the user, the multi-attribute utility model then provides a measure of how well a car performs based on the user's definition of what is desirable.
|
From page 26... ...
In extreme cases the attribute score of an outlier may rise sharply above the upper boundary or fall below the lower boundary. This can create a visualization problem if the display for the utility score only runs from 0 to 100, but the meaning of the score can still be interpreted without a problem.
|
From page 27... ...
Workforce productivity W losses come from a combination of disease incidence, value of time, and duration of illness. The upper boundary for workforce productivity is set by using 50 percent of the highest-incidence disease rates multiplied by the average disease duration multi plied by the average daily wage rate (hourly wage × 16, allowing for 16 hours of productive uses of time under different onditions -- c
|
From page 28... ...
The lower boundary for net costs in all cases is N 0 -- no medical costs saved, which is the case, for example, if the disease causes mild fatigue that requires no medical intervention. The upper boundary is set using a ratio that begins with country level data where there are extensive data on disease-specific treat ment costs, and those costs are then rescaled to other nations.
|
From page 29... ...
In Chapter 4 the committee discusses the importance of having a host organization and active user community -- one function of which would be to manage a central data warehouse, providing widespread user access to demographic data, disease burden data, and illness-treatment cost data for various populations and subpopulations that have been assembled for use in SMART Vaccines. The following discussions of the data framework presume the existence of a host organization (or its equivalent)
|
From page 30... ...
Future program modifications for SMART Vaccines could allow data importation either through the central data warehouse -- built and maintained by the host organization and supervised by user-group committees -- or directly by individual users who wish to use data without going through the central warehouse facility. A blank spreadsheet template for data assembly was prepared in Phase II and is available for download at www.nap.edu/smartvaccines.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.