Making a World of Difference Engineering Ideas into Reality (2014) / Chapter Skim
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2014 A Healthier, Cleaner, More Connected World
2014 A Healthier, Cleaner, More Connected World
Pages 29-43
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Yet these examples barely scratch the surface of the remarkable changes wrought over the last quarter century. Our lives, our workplaces, our societies have been transformed by an extraordinary flowering of engineering innovations.
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Jain and his team tapped tive material, or photoresist, that responded to a chip and the resulting huge leap in comput into a device invented by Russian engineers ultraviolet light. In 1982 he succeeded -- and ing power -- combined with the complex in 1970s -- the excimer laser, which creates within a decade, the big semiconductor software needed to unlock that power and the ultraviolet light with electrical stimulation and manufacturing equipment companies offered falling costs that have made products acces high pressure on gas combinations such as commercial ultraviolet lithography tools, or sible -- we'd have no super-realistic video games krypton and fluorine.
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AMD K7 AMDK6-III Computers on the electrical grid balance AMD K6 10,000,000 Pentium III supply and demand, ensuring that the lights Pentium II stay on in our homes and factories keep AMD K5 Pentium humming. Meanwhile "smart" meters enable the solar panels springing up on hundreds of 1,000,000 80486 thousands of roofs to feed clean power back into the grid.
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hours of energy to run our cell phones, laptops, Yet smaller transistors and tablets, cameras, cordless power tools, and expanding data storage are just a many other compact, lightweight mobile Peter Grünberg (left) and Albert tiny fraction of the engineering devices.
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Governments connect directly week before Egyptian president Hosni prises, including manufacturers of everything with citizens, giving the public access to Mubarak resigned in 2011, for instance, the from clothing, cell phones, and computers to valuable data on contracts and spending, and number of tweets about political change in appliances, automobiles, and aircraft, can taking action on complaints. With a computer Egypt climbed to 230,000 a day.
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ries and other labs, for example, worked with techniques to identify pollutants in auto and truck companies to create ways to motor vehicle fuel. Although we still face daunting environmental burn motor vehicle fuel more cleanly and challenges -- oil and chemical spills, nutrient efficiently.
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On January 30, 2014, two electric Companies have harnessed a technology cars headed out across the entire United States called cavity ring-down spectroscopy to from Los Angeles to New York City, enduring engineer mobile methane detectors that can blizzards, freezing temperatures, a blinding spot leaks of natural gas, which consists sandstorm, and driving rain. They made the primarily of methane, a greenhouse gas.
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in Vienna, Austria, used two gasoline genera- motor as a generator to store it in the battery. tors to drive electric motors built into the vehicle's A "parallel" hybrid has two complete power wheel hubs (above)
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crops have sustained food supplies and, for the United States at least, new supplies of oil and Steinsberger's innovation was a key piece gas appeared seemingly out of nowhere due to engineering innovation. of the puzzle of how to tap into the nation's huge deposits of shale gas and oil, but it built As shown in the In 1997, Mitchell Energy was in trouble.
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percent since 2007. Once successfully demonstrated by Meanwhile greenMitchell Energy, the combination of under- house gas emissions in the United States have possible to recycle the fracturing water, and Shale gas is found ground vision tools, horizontal drilling, and fallen by about 10 percent since 2005 -- in part efforts are under way to eliminate the use of in shale "plays" -- shale formations hydraulic fracturing touched off a drilling boom because of the substitution of natural gas for water all together.
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increased the usable yield from the lithographic tools that make the cells. They have also The good news from the standpoint of the environment is that some of the technology At the Reese Technology Center needed to curb greenhouse gas emissions from in Lubbock, Texas, the use of fossil fuels already exists.
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The The alternatives to fossil fuels also go energy crises, who would have predicted then upgrade included beyond renewable energy. For example, that in 2014 oil and gas would be plentiful in the refurbishing all although cheap natural gas has killed plans for United States?
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It is now undergoing new miniature device, known as Micra, would clinical trials to verify safety and effectiveness. eliminate the most problematic part of the The tiny leadless pacemaker is just one of system -- the electrical wire from the device to the countless medical advances created by heart itself.
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was introduced Average life expectancy for a child born this also can raise the cost of health care without in 2006. Prosthetic limbs have enabled year in the United States has climbed to 79 actually improving medical outcomes.
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, with to deliver quality medical care in currently even as engineering invents ways to solve myriincreased yields to help feed the world's hungry. underserved regions, whether in the United ad human and societal problems, the solutions States, Africa, or war zones in Afghanistan.
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