Effects on Populations of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation (1972) / Chapter Skim
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CHAPTER VI EFFECTS OF IONIZING RADIATION ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT I Introduction 74 II.
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CHAPTER VI EFFECTS OF IONIZING RADIATION ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT I Introduction This chapter reviews briefly the effects other than neoplasia of in utero and juvenile exposure to ionizing radiation.
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factors as maternal diseases, genetic factors, and environmental influences cannot be ruled out as potential contributors. From a sample of 1,265 subjects exposed in utero at Hiroshima, the cases of 183 who were then available were analyzed by Miller (28)
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Hiroshima bomb were, on the average, 2.25 cm. shorter, 3 kg lighter, and 1.1 cm less in head circumference than those in the outer groups.
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in utero or in early postnatal life, in respect to either immediate or late effects. Driscoll et al.
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Rats exposed during late fetal life to only a few rads a day showed an altered response to typhoid vaccine for several months after birth. In the same period, too, there was diminished phagocytic activity of circulating leukocytes (33)
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behaviors and other manifestations of function that he might test. Obviously, no single test measures all functions, and generalizations about normality from even a battery of tests are qualified.
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VII. Estimates of Risks from Irradiation in Early Life Although, as noted earlier, the variety of possible radiation effects on the developing mammal is almost infinite, numerous experiments have nevertheless shown a predictable orderliness in what happens in any given set of circumstances.
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There is little information about the effects of chronic low levels of radiation, but experiments have demonstrated that about 1 rad per day, extended over a large part of gestation, is the lowest dose that alters development. Radionuclides tend to be concentrated in certain tissues and act over long periods, but where they can be compared with exposures to atomic bombs and therapeutic x-rays, their effects are similar.
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