Empowering Women and Strengthening Health Systems and Services Through Investing in Nursing and Midwifery Enterprise Lessons from Lower-Income Countries: Workshop Summary (2015) / Chapter Skim
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3 Strengthening Health Systems
3 Strengthening Health Systems
Pages 21-32
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really fantastic opportunities for entrepreneurs to think about disruptive technologies, new models of care, and especially novel workforce development programs. -- Krishna Udayakumar We have a fixation with the old notion of counting heads.
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There is a mismatch, Maeda proposed, between health care workforce shortages and development of health care workers. By examining trends in health professional development, she stated that research indicates increas 1 This section summarizes information presented by Akiko Maeda, The World Bank.
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. a Health workforce density of 22.8 skilled health professionals per 10,000 population is the lower level recommended by the World Health Organization to achieve relatively high coverage for essential health interventions in countries most in need (WHO, 2006)
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Maeda shared the example of Ethiopia Ministry of Health's Health Extension Program, which mobilized an additional 30,000 health extension workers to improve basic primary care access.2 The emergence of these midlevel health care workers has had consequences beyond the health care system. In the case of Ethiopia, women make up a large number of these workers, and their entry into the workforce has bolstered their empowerment.
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He noted a few "secrets of success." First, patients should be at the center of providing and improving health and health care, and their consumer 3 This section summarizes information presented by Krishna Udayakumar, International Partnership for Innovative Healthcare Delivery (IPIHD)
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Mass uptake of technology, like the use of mobile phones, empowers task shifting by allowing workers to provide higher level of services with support. Third, there is potential in transforming the workforce by focusing on competency versus traditional assumptions of the roles of health care professionals.
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Lessons learned in implementing a similar model in Kenya, in which the franchise reached its limit at 80 clinics because of the lack of integration in the public health care sector, informed the creation of a public–private partnership in Rwanda. Working directly with the Ministry of Health, a hub-and-spoke model was created in which the public primary health center was the hub and One Family Health created "spokes" that referred less complex needs to smaller clinics embedded in the community.
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28 EMPOWERING WOMEN FIGURE 3-1 2014 IPIHD Innovator Network. SOURCES: IPIHD, 2014, and Udayakumar, 2014.
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All of these advances in technology and globalization affect how health workers are or should be trained in the United States and in emerging economies like the Philippines, where there are 10 different electronic medical records currently operating. Along with rapidly changing health care delivery systems, Picazo pointed out that medical tourism is a growing industry.
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2002. Technology, skills, and health care labor markets.
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WHO (World Health Organization)
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