Agricultural Development and Environmental Research American and Czechoslovak Perspectives: Proceedings of a Bilateral Workshop (1987) / Chapter Skim
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'APPLICATOR EXPOSURE TO PESTICIDES'
'APPLICATOR EXPOSURE TO PESTICIDES'
Pages 156-164
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From page 156... ...
The eminent toxicologist John Doull once said, "The safest chemical in existence can be handled dangerously, and conversely the most dangerous chemical can be handled safely." The issue of pesticide use reflects this statement. Pesticides are of great benefit in the production of foodstuffs and are widely applied.
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From page 157... ...
Also considered are other related studies and their use in the calculation of an estimated worker body dose. PASSIVE DOSIMETRY STUDIES Dermal absorption is the major route of pesticide exposure during the agricultural application sequence.
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From page 158... ...
is recommending that the rubber gloves worn during pesticide use be rinsed with water before removal. Inhalation exposure estimates have been made in passive dosimetry studies by analyzing filter pads attached to respirators worn by workers.
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From page 159... ...
of the skin is presumed to be a passive diffusion process, no elaborate conditions to maintain the physiological state are required. Freshly obtained abdomen skin is used in a two-chambered diffusion cell apparatus where similar fluid is placed on both sides of a membrane, and the diffusion of a compound from one side to the other is observed.
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From page 160... ...
The most recent biological monitoring studies consist of measuring urinary pesticide and metabolite levels. Biological monitoring by chemical analysis of the worker's urine, in contrast to passive dosimetry on the worker or ambient monitoring of the environment, directly evaluates the amount of chemical that is absorbed by the body as an internal dose.
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From page 161... ...
To conduct a biological monitoring study, several quality control measures are necessary to insure a scientifically valid study: • Pre-exposure biological specimens should be collected from the test subjects and analyzed to obtain a reliable baseline which enables establishment of the Limit of Detection (LOD) and the Limit of Quantitation (LOQ)
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From page 162... ...
If there is a real need for close approximation of the actual body dose, then a third and perhaps more reasonable approach can be taken, whereby a typical excretion curve drawn from measurable human applicators or animal models from dermal penetration studies is applied to the undetected data with the maxima set at the lower limit of detection. Overall, science has contributed significantly to the improvement of measurements of applicator exposure to pesticides, particularly during the past ten years.
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From page 163... ...
1978. The finite dose technique as a valid in vitro model for the study of percutaneous absorption.
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From page 164... ...
1985. In vivo percutaneous absorption and decontamination of pesticides in humans.
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