Agricultural Development and Environmental Research American and Czechoslovak Perspectives: Proceedings of a Bilateral Workshop (1987) / Chapter Skim
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'DEVELOPMENT OF GENETIC RESISTANCE TO DISEASE AND PESTS AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN INDUSTRY'
'DEVELOPMENT OF GENETIC RESISTANCE TO DISEASE AND PESTS AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN INDUSTRY'
Pages 170-177
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From page 170... ...
Conversely, where single gene resistance has been in commercial use for 20 to 30 years, resistant strains of fungi have developed as predicted by plant pathologists, such as in resistance to Verticillium and Fusartum species. With a few exceptions, insect- and pest-resistant cultivars have not made a significant impact on commercial crops of the food processing industry.
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From page 171... ...
In all cases, a need perceived by the industry is a prerequisite for the commercial introduction of a new cultivar. Working through crop science and food science departments, university extension services perform a valuable function by focusing university researchers on industrial problems and on areas for potential improvement.
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From page 172... ...
In the past, support of private industry for farmers and food processors was limited mainly to seed companies. For the past seven years, however, new research and development companies have emerged as developers or modifiers of cultivars either directly for food processing companies or for traditional seed companies.
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From page 173... ...
in their proprietary hybrids for the onion dehydration industry. INBREDS AND BREEDING LINES Universities and USDA are unique suppliers to the agricultural industry of such semi-finished products as inbred lines for hybrid use and breeding lines possessing disease resistance or other improved qualities, but require further selection or backcrossing to make a finished cultivar.
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From page 174... ...
With the shift to utilization of hybrids even in the processing industry and the opportunity for universities and USDA to become more involved with biotechnology, the job of developing finished cultivars and hybrids is increasingly moving to private industry. Consequently, all university programs are releasing more breeding lines.
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From page 175... ...
The resistance occurs in a single dominant gene and the screening methodology is simple and economical, yet it is not being bred into cultivars with any sense of urgency by the seed industry. In this case, providing resistance to this single disease would not eliminate spraying of chemicals to control Bacterial Spot (Xanthomonas campestris pv.
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From page 176... ...
The original screening technique devised in 1974 has been greatly improved for cost and efficiency, and breeding for nematode resistance is now a top activity in all seed companies. The processing industry expects to have five percent of its tomato acreage in 1987 planted with nematode-resistant varieties, eliminating both the grower's cost of nematicide use and the environmental impact of such use.
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From page 177... ...
1941. The seedling test method for root-knot nematode resistance.
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