Workshop on Systems Analysis Summary Report (1984) / Chapter Skim
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'OPENING PRESENTATIONS'
'OPENING PRESENTATIONS'
Pages 1-10
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From page 3... ...
The world is facing transformation, but the greatest technical innovation of the future will not lie in the design of one nuclear reactor or one airplane. It will involve whole systems of energy development, transportation and communication, defense, human settlements, industrial complexes, food production, education, and public health.
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TABLE 1 Three Types of Systems System Physical Biological Man-made Payroll X Data processing X Heating XXX Weapons X Transportation XXX Bell Telephone X Banking X Drainage XXX Penal X X Legal X Portable life support X Weather X Atomic X
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Involves awareness of a problem, identification of relevant variables, analysis and synthesis of various factors, followed by a program of action The application of systems theory to managing organizational systems or subsystems CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS The Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT) is responsible for the assessment and implementation of technology in Indonesian development.
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How can one approach problems in Indonesia such as food production, transportation, and waste disposal, building on the work already done by staff of the Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology? CONTRIBUTIONS OF SYSTEMS ANALYSIS To answer these questions, one must first examine what systems analysis offers decision makers not only in developing countries, but also in those nations whose economies, no matter how advanced, can run into - 7
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The decision to undertake a man/computer analysis of a systems problem should be considered an investment decision in a form of research and development -- applied research, to be sure, but research nonetheless -- of perhaps the most important kind that a developing nation can undertake. The research investment will be in human resources, the primary component, and beyond these will come the ability to undertake the real experimentation that will provide the bases and information for
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The objectives as laid down in the terms of reference of a systems study should already reflect the values -- a critical requirement of any analysis that is to stand a reasonable chance of implementation -- of the decision maker. Thus a transportation study that gives water-based transportation maximization as the basic objective would be a different analysis than one that stresses air transportation.
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The key elements underlying the ultimate decision recommendations mus t be: • Resources at hand • Reasonable alternatives for action • Commitments required for each of the alternatives • Probabilities of results from alternatives (e.g., costs incurred, revenues or other benefits received) • Interactions between alternatives chosen and prior and later choices, and other elements in the total system • Constraints or bounds on resources or alternatives.
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