A Levee Policy for the National Flood Insurance Program (1982) / Chapter Skim
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'SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS'
'SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS'
Pages 65-74
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From page 65... ...
Therefore: • New levees should be recognized for the purpose of reducing insurance rates where they provide protection against 100-year or larger floods and where they meet specified structural design criteria including freeboard. All levees on which construction begins after a date to be determined by FEMA should be considered new levees.
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From page 66... ...
Since many urban levees exist or would be built along waterways where the federal government already has major levee responsibilities, it would appear prudent that: • In its administration of design evaluations and construction conformance inspections, FEMA should first pursue the possibility of using the services of federal and state agencies having water resources experience. Where federal participation can not be arranged, FEMA must use state and private sector capabilities.
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From page 67... ...
Since most previously credited levees are expected to prove adequate and since restudy funds should not be expended needlessly: • FEMA should develop a short and simple checklist that can be used to make a quick assessment of whether a levee meets recommended criteria. Requirements of Levee Owners Human operated closures such as street gates are legitimate parts of planned levee systems, but general human intervention (sand bagging, emergency earth fill, etc.)
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From page 68... ...
A written report to the levee owner should be promptly prepared and certified by the professional engineer making the inspection. The report must specifically describe items found deficient and emerging potential future problem areas.
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From page 69... ...
To minimize floodplain development by individuals unaware of the hazard: • Owners, tenants, and lenders occupying areas designated as protected by levees should be notified periodically by responsible local officials that their land in the levee-protected area is still subject to flooding in the event of levee failure. The damages, should levee failure occur, can be considerably reduced by warning people behind levees, identifying evacuation routes -69
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From page 70... ...
Liability of Local Governments and Levee Districts Concerning Levee Maintenance and Floodplain Management Since courts do not hold the federal government liable for levee failures but are displaying greater sympathy for the plight of land owners subjected to increased flooding due to municipal negligence, it is necessary that: • FEMA should help make local governments and special districts aware of the possibility of liability for actions or nonactions that aggravate flood hazards. • FEMA should, in appropriate cases, seek to recoup federal flood-related costs (including flood insurance payments, disaster assistance, etc.)
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From page 71... ...
The actuarial rates, as is done by the private insurance industry, would be updated annually to reflect experience, claims paid, and the cost of doing business. In order to facilitate levee rating according to physical condition: • FEMA should contract for the development of a list of key categories concerning the physical condition of a levee that would be used to evaluate the levee's ability to function effectively and concerning use of those factors to estimate geotechnical risk.
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From page 72... ...
used by communities in the regular program: • The location of all levees, dikes, or floodwalls credited as providing 100-year protection or more should be clearly denoted on all future FIRMs. Implementing insurance purchase requirements in levee protected areas, the levee-protected areas must be so designated on the FIRM and the information necessary to determine insurance rates must be provided.
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From page 73... ...
Therefore: • Interior drainage situations in areas on the landside of levees should be analyzed in conjunction with the riverine flood analysis, and the areas flooded by interior drainage should be shown on FEMA maps in accordance with current practice. Appropriate consideration should be given to correlation of the event on the river and the event causing the interior drainage problem.
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