Future National Research Policies Within the Industrialized Nations Report of a Symposium (1992) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 3-14
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Research organizations working in a constantly shifting environment are challenged to recruit and maintain Every nation unll develop its research policies with an eye to the shifting adequate numbers of appropriately trained workers, essential to successful international arena. research efforts.
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In the decentralizedpolitical system of the United States, researchpolicy formulation often has a more adversarial nature, particularly in an era of budgetary constraints. Federal funding for research has risen over the past decade, but symposium participants expressed concerns that recession and the imperatives of deficit reduction couldposeproblems forsimilarincreases in the near future.
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In other areas they may pursue international collaboration in research efforts or simply import frontier scientific and technological knowledge from abroad. Nowhere is this pattern more clear than among the nations of the European Community, now preparing for substantial economic integration in 1992.
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Expanded research efforts in these areas will probably lead to the establishment of larger, more multidisciplinary research organizations, some with international participation. German industry is under tremendous pressure to develop new technology that contributes to sustainable, ecologically sound development, especially through the full product cycle to waste recycling and waste treatment.
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Such retraining, at intervals of about 10 years, can give scientists and engineers the study time they need to stay abreast of the latest advances and to maintain their productivity, which might other wise lag as their careers progress. The reduced number of science students in the United States is attributed not only to the absolute decline in the college-age population but also to a decline in the proportion of students interested in and qualified for a science education: dropouts occur at every educational level, inadequate science and math programs in primary and secondary schools leave students unprepared, and uninspired university courses fail to excite and motivate students to pursue careers in research.
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In the Soviet Union neither salaries nor facilities measure up to the highestinternational standards, making emigration an enticingprospect, particularly for top-echelon scientists. Thus, the benefits that an increasingly open society brings to Soviet research may be countered by a crippling ~u~waru Ilt,W or one nat~on-s best scientific talent.
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In Germany these links are much closer; for example, industr~al researchers and scientists at Max Planck Institute facilities frequently hold professorships at nearby universities. The United States has more than 700 government laboratories with a total annual budget of about $20 billion in 1991.
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The problem of government laboratories looms large in eastern Germany, where the former Communist government built up a huge publicly funded research system. In most cases the government facilities will be cut back.
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Future efforts will focus on improving the flow of information so that industry can quickly exploit research findings and researchers can get a clear view of the root scientific problems confronting industry. One drawback of the increase of directed research programs, however, is the increasing proportion of academic researchers working on short-term renewable contracts, now about 40 percent.
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Furthermore, although the basis for funding individual projects at the national level is well understood, many scientists are less confident of the procedures and criteria for allocating funds at the European level. Scientific collaboration with central and eastern Europe poses new challenges for the European Community.
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Large national laboratories generally were cited es examples of infIexibili~unlikelyto receive alarger share of resources than at present. Symposium representatives from Germany and the United Kingdom reported tendencies toward funding shortterm projects that could be easily terminated upon completion.
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