Trace-Element Geochemistry of Coal Resource Development Related to Environmental Quality and Health (1980) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
SYNTHETIC-FUEL PROCESSES (LIQUEFACTION, GASIFICATION)
SYNTHETIC-FUEL PROCESSES (LIQUEFACTION, GASIFICATION)
Pages 103-120
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 103... ...
Because the coking operation is basically similar to proposed pyrolysis processes for synfuels production, it is also dealt with in this chapter. Although commercial coking processes have operated for almost 100 years, little information about the fate of trace elements in coking operations has been made available to the public.
|
From page 104... ...
Fiqure 17 is a schematic flow plan showinq the major unit operations in a typical coal liquefaction plant. The process includes a qasifier to convert carbon from unliquefied coal to qas; by followinq the coal preparation flow and the flow of streams into and out of the qasif ier block, the flow plan for a "stand alone" qasifier plant can be envisioned.
|
From page 105... ...
LIQUEFACTION PROCESS FIGURE 16 Schematic description of principal coal-conversion processes. of trace elements to labile forms)
|
From page 106... ...
(Gasit) ~ If Process Water Air -- - Air From GAS Units FIGURE 17 Flow plan showing major unit operations in a typical coal liquefaction plant.
|
From page 107... ...
Many trace elements indigenous to the feed coal will be found in product hydrocarbon liquids from coal liquefaction. Their ultimate fate will depend on the final use of the
|
From page 108... ...
Only a limited number of references to trace elements in synfuel processes could be found. Table 46 presents a list sununarizing synfuel-related trace-element data sources; a sununary af the data for the elements is presented in Tables 47 through 51.
|
From page 109... ...
The leachinq of trace elements from disposed qasif ier residues. • The partitioning of trace elements between products and residues in liquefaction and pyrolysis processes.
|
From page 110... ...
Relatively smallscale batch processes would serve in some instances, whereas continuous process units would be required in others. Some data applicable to synfuel processes could be obtained by studying process streams from commercial coke plants.
|
From page 111... ...
TABLE 47 Synfuels Trace-Element Concentrations in Solvent Refined Coal, Synthoil, and Coal-Derived Oils Process: Solvent Refined Coal (SRC) SRC Synthoil Unspecified Bench-Scale Process Stream: Product SRC Product SRC Product Oil Product Oils Coal: Pittsburqh 8 Unspecified Western Kentucky Homestead Utah Illinois 6 Kentucky Concentration: ppm ppm ppm ppm Element Reference: Coleman et al.
|
From page 112... ...
.... Copper 1-2 78 31 74 2 ..., Iron >4 |
From page 113... ...
.... Copper 273 239 10-100 0 0 - w Iron 15 x 10 4 5.2 x 10 4 104 0 0 Lead 210 71 10-100 32 - 63 Manganese 320 200 >1000 0 0 Mercury 0.01 0.02 |
From page 114... ...
Elemental balances range from 48 to 660 percent.
|
From page 115... ...
cDashes indicate no data. TABLE 52 Potential Sources for Data on Trace Elements in Synfuels and Coking Process Bench Bench Pilot or Process Batch Continuous Commercial Pyrolysis partitioning x Coke plant Liquefaction partitioning x x Gasification, gas versus residue X Scrubber solutions ?
|
From page 116... ...
The industrial hygiene aspects of synfuel plants will, however, differ from those indigenous to utility power plants. As has been discussed, processing is accomplished in closed systems, so that routine contact with concentrated or labile forms of trace elements will be negligible.
|
From page 117... ...
U.S. Environmental Protection Aqency.
|
From page 118... ...
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
|
From page 119... ...
U.S. Environmental Protection Aqency.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.