The Funding of Social Knowledge Production and Application A Survey of Federal Agencies (1978) / Chapter Skim
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'DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE: WELFARE AGENCIES'
'DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE: WELFARE AGENCIES'
Pages 243-274
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From page 243... ...
ASPE supports activities in the health and education policy areas as well as on income security and social services. While their location is imperfect, the following agencies are discussed under the heading "welfare": The Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation is a policy office that supports research and evaluation activities on issues of concern to the secretary of HEW.
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From page 244... ...
ASPE is primarily concerned with the TABLE 11-1 Welfare Agencies that Support Social Knowledge Production and Application: Profile (fiscal 1977, $millions) Organizational Predominant Location of Total Social Social Social Knowledge Knowledge Knowledge Production and Production and Production and Application Application Application Primary Goal Agency Obligations Activity Activity or Audience" Office of Human 65.2 Research Operating Mixed Development Services agency Assistant Secretary 34.5 Policy formulation Policy-making Improvement for Planning and demonstrations office of federal Evaluation policies Social Security 27.7 Research Operating Improvement Administration agency of federal programs Social and Rehabili9.4 Mixed Operating Knowledge tation Service*
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From page 245... ...
Knowledge Production Activities Knowledge Application Activities Policy Policy Formula- Program General Implemen- DevelopFiscal Re- tion Dem- Evalu- Purpose tation Dem- ment of DissemYear search on st rations ation Statistics Total onstrations Materials ination Total TOTAL 1975 7.274 19.940 2.588 29.802 41 161 202 30.004 1976 11.086 17.889 5.075 34.050 34.050 1977 10.975 18.200 5.375 34.550 34.550 The Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation (ASPE) serves as the principal adviser to the secretary of HEW on economic, social, and program analysis matters.
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From page 246... ...
HEALTH Research in this area focuses on significant policy questions concerning the availability and use of health services among lowincome populations. In addition to the health insurance experiment (which is discussed under policy formulation demonstrations)
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From page 247... ...
Social Services Research has been funded on the development of information bases about institutionalization of persons who suffer from chronic or mental illness. Research has examined major questions concerning the availability and appropriate use of long-term care facilities and associated social services for disabled and elderly populations.
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From page 248... ...
The income transfer program is supplemented by one or more manpower programs, including either job training, counseling, and vocational guidance services or day care services for working mothers. Analysis of Gary Income Maintenance Experiment This experiment tested the effects of cash assistance programs, combined with day care and social services, on black urban families.
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From page 249... ...
The experiment will consider various questions relevant to the design and operation of a national health insurance system, such as: o estimating the responsiveness of demand for health services to insurance provisions, such as deductibles and rates; o determining how responsiveness to insurance provisions differs with such factors as family income and types of illness; o assessing the effect of various insurance plans on health status; o learning how the choice of provider and quality of medical care is affected, if at all, by various insurance plans; and o the administrative costs and difficulties involved in administering different types of income-related insurance plans. STATE AND LOCAL CAPACITY BUILDING ($2.2 million)
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From page 250... ...
Knowledge Production Activities Knowledge Application Activities Policy Policy Formula- Program General Implemen- DevelopFiscal Re- tion Dem- Evalu- Purpose tation Dem- ment of DissemYear search onstrations ation Statistics Total onstrations Materials ination Total TOTAL 1975 26.117 14.567 2.643 1.240 44.567 10.409 1.970 5.883 18.262 62.829 vm 30.494 15.838 6.561 2.420 55.313 11.804 1.966 6.866 20.636 75.949 vm 30.746 9.192 8.508 1.900 50.346 4.180 1.368 9.297 14.845 65.191 The Office of Human Development (OHD) was established in 1973 to reach certain groups of "vulnerable" Americans with special needs: children and young people, the aged, the physically and mentally handicapped, the developmentally disabled.
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From page 251... ...
Organizational Predominant Location of Agency after Total Social Social Social Reorganizalion Knowledge Knowledge Knowledge (Components Production Production Production prior to and and and Consolidation in Application Application Application Primary Goal Parentheses) Obligations Activity Activity" or Audience" Administration for Handi14.5 Research Operating Knowledge capped Individuals agency for third (Rehabilitation Serv11.7 parties ices Administration)
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From page 252... ...
Knowledge Production Activities Knowledge Application Activities Policy Policy Formula- Program General Implemen- DevelopFiscal Re- tion Dem- Evalu- Purpose tation Dem- ment of DissemYear search onstrations ation Statistics Total onstrations Materials ination Total TOTAL 1975 4.000 4.700 350 9.050 5.500 5.500 14.550 1976 5.500 4.774 2.200 12.474 6.726 6.726 19.200 1977 6.500 500 3.200 10.200 10.200 The Administration on Aging (AOA) was established in 1965 to provide a focal point in the federal government for addressing the concerns and needs of older persons and coordinating federal programs and policies that affect them.
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From page 253... ...
These studies are geared to providing the understanding necessary for the development, organization, and delivery of social services to them. Demonstrations Prior to fiscal 1977, AOA funded a demonstration program entitled "Model Projects on Aging." (No funds were requested for this program in fiscal 1977.)
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From page 254... ...
Another evaluation studied the outreach capacity of the nutrition program to serve those most in need. For Further Information Write Administration on Aging, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Room 4670.
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From page 255... ...
Knowledge Production Activities Knowledge Application Activities Policy Policy ImplemenFormulaProgram General DevelopFiscal Retion DemEvaluPurpose tation Demment of DissemYear search onstrations ation Statistics Total onstrations Materials ination Total TOTAL 1975 14.501 7.546 1.399 1.240 24.686 4.610 1.158 5.113 10.881 35.567 1976 15.485 7.833 2.871 2.420 28.609 4.784 1.394 5.963 12.141 40.750 1977 14.101 6.682 2.697 1.900 25.380 4.080 1.020 7.857 12.957 38,337
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From page 256... ...
Another major activity of OCD is funding research and demonstration projects concerning children. Each of OCD'S major programs -- the Child Welfare Research and Demonstration Program, Project Head Start, and the National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect -- has its own research authority.
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From page 257... ...
An example is the bilingual/bicultural early childhood development project, which is demonstrating comprehensive early child development services in Spanish and English. The services provide an environment of the primary language and culture of the Spanish child, while acquainting him or her with the second language and culture.
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From page 258... ...
PROJECT HEAD START Project Head Start is a comprehensive preschool program aimed at providing developmental services to disadvantaged
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From page 259... ...
Head Start demonstration programs have two goals: (1) finding ways to improve local Head Start performance in the areas of health and nutrition services, parent involvement, services to handicapped children, and basic program management; and (2)
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From page 260... ...
Eight demonstration projects are providing direct services concerning child abuse to populations with special obstacles to service delivery -- such as military families, Native Americans, and isolated rural children and their families. Dissemination is another major aspect of the OCD'S child abuse program.
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From page 261... ...
Knowledge Production Activities Knowledge Application Activities Policy Policy Formula- Program General Implemen- DevelopFiscal Re- tion Dem- Evalu- Purpose tation Dem- ment of DissemYear search onstrations ation Statistics Total onstrations Materials ination Total TOTAL 1975 434 434 469 469 903 1976 750 750 750 1977 750 350 1.100 1.100 The mission of the Office of Youth Development (OYD) , which is now consolidated in the Administration for Children, Youth and Families, is to assist in the removal of barriers to the development of young people.
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From page 262... ...
Table 11-4 presents the major agencies consolidated within the new TABLE 11-4 Administration for Handicapped Individuals (fiscal 1977, Smillions) Social Knowledge Production and Application Agency Obligations Rehabilitation Services Administration 11.8 Development Disabilities Office 2.7 TOTAL 14.5
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From page 263... ...
Knowledge Production Activities Knowledge Application Activities Policy Policy Formula- Program General Implemen- DevelopFiscal Re- tion Dem- Evalu- Purpose tation Dem- ment of DissemYear search onstrations ation Statistics Total onstrations Materials ination Total TOTAL 1975 6.240 2.017 8it 9.075 299 343 770 1.412 10.487 1976 6.784 2.428 81I 10.023 2M 472 909 1.669 11.692 1977 6.715 1.560 1.725 10.000 100 828 1.440 1.788 11.788 The major activity of the Rehabilitation Services Administration (RSA) , which is now incorporated in the Administration for Handicapped Individuals, is providing support to state programs of vocational rehabilitation.
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From page 264... ...
Research is under way to improve management in consumer involvement, program planning, decision making, and program control. Policy Formulation Demonstrations These demonstrations seek to emphasize different rehabilitation approaches for the severely disabled.
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From page 265... ...
Knowledge Production Activities Knowledge Application Activities Policy Policy Formula- Program General Implemen- DevelopFiscal Re- tion Dem- Evalu- Purpose tation Dem- ment of DissemYear search onstrations ation Statistics Total onstrations Materials ination Total TOTAL 1975 942 304 76 I.322 1.322 1976 1.975 KB 679 3.457 100 100 3.557 1977 1.680 450 536 2.666 100 100 2.766 The Office for Developmental Disabilities, which is now incorporated into the Administration for Handicapped Individuals, is concerned with those who have developmental disabilities, such as mental retardation and cerebral palsy, that originate in childhood, continue indefinitely, and constitute a substantial handicap. The office has three basic purposes: o to improve the planning capacity at state and local levels to use effectively the resources currently available to the developmentally disabled; o to serve as a catalyst to stimulate expansion of services for developmentally disabled persons at the state and local level; and o to establish an integrated network within which services at the state and local level will be coordinated.
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From page 266... ...
Knowledge Production Activities Knowledge Application Activities Policy Policy Formula- Program General Implemen- DevelopFiscal Re- tion Dem- Evalu- Purpose tation Dem- man of DissemYear search onstrations ation Statistics Total onstrations Materials ination Total TOTAL 1977 1.000 1.000 1.000 Administration for Native Americans, which was formerly the Office of Native American Programs, provides a departmental focus for the special concerns of American Indians, Alaskan Natives, and Native Hawaiians. The administration is responsible for providing policy guidance to the secretary, administering grant programs to eligible Indian groups, and providing liaison with other federal agencies in Indian affairs.
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From page 267... ...
Knowledge Production Activities Knowledge Application Activities Policy Policy Formula- Program General Implemen- DevelopFiscal Re- tion Dem- Evalu- Purpose tation Dem- ment of DissemYear search onstrations ation Statistics Total onstrations Materials ination Total TOTAL 1975 5.073 1.608 1.667 8.348 1.393 57 1.450 9.798 1976 3.275 1.900 2.004 7.179 2.171 2.171 9.350 1977 2.725 2.000 2.500 7.225 2.175 2.175 9.400 Until 1977, the Social and Rehabilitation Service (SRS) administered grants to states for the federal share of the following state expenditure programs: income assistance (Aid to Families with Dependent Children
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From page 268... ...
A new agency, the Health Care Financing Administration, is now responsible for the Medicaid program. The Office of Human Development Services now administers the social service and child welfare service programs previously administered by SRS.
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From page 269... ...
Policy Formulation Demonstrations Another major responsibility of SRS was testing alternative methods of service delivery. A large policy formulation demonstration is the Early
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From page 270... ...
SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION Social Knowledge Production and Application Obligations (Sthousands) Knowledge Production Activities Knowledge Application Activities Policy Policy Formula- Program General Implemen- DevelopFiscal Re- tion Dem- Evalu- Purpose tation Dem- ment of DissemYear search onstrations ation Statistics Total onstrations Materials ination Total TOTAL 1975 16.761 5.839 22.600 485 485 23 .085 1976 15.650 9.350 25.000 702 702 25.702 1977 17.650 9.350 27.000 653 653 27.653 Prior to 1977, the Social Security Administration administered three major programs: Social Security (Old Age, Disability, and Survivors Insurance)
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From page 271... ...
The health policy formulation demonstrations were also transferred to the Health Care Financing Administration. Research A large portion of the agency's research involves the collection and analysis of statistical data.
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From page 272... ...
DISABILITY SURVEYS ($0.4 million) The purpose of disability surveys is to examine the economic, medical, and social consequences of limitations on work activity of the disabled person and his or her family, including eligibility for public income maintenance programs.
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From page 273... ...
Policy Formulation Demonstrations The Social Security Amendments of 1972 authorized the Social Security Administration to conduct experiments on alternative methods of health care reimbursements. Experiments are being conducted in the following six areas.
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From page 274... ...
20009. For information on the health research and demonstrations formerly sponsored by the Office of Research and Statistics, write Office of Policy, Planning and Research, Health Care Financing Administration.
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