The Funding of Social Knowledge Production and Application A Survey of Federal Agencies (1978) / Chapter Skim
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'DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE'
'DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE'
Pages 307-328
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The growth of the department's social knowledge production and application activities has occurred almost entirely in the past decade. Prior to the creation of the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA)
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A more detailed discussion of LEAA in general, and the National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice in particular, is presented in the final report of the Committee on Research on Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice of the National Research Council, titled Understanding Crime: An Evaluation of the National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice. SOCIAL KNOWLEDGE PRODUCTION AND APPLICATION ACTIVITIES Table 14-1 presents the distribution of the department's diverse social knowledge production and application activities.
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POLICY AREAS IN THE DEPARTMENT The social knowledge production and application activities of the Department of Justice are all classified as law enforcement and justice.
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Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1975; Joint Hearings on the Federal Role in Criminal Justice and Crime Research, Committee on the Judiciary and Committee on Science and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Congress, 1st session, 1977; Report on the Federal Role in Crime and Justice Research, Subcommittee on Domestic and International Scientific Planning, Analysis, and Cooperation, Committee on Science and Technology, U.S.
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NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CORRECTIONS The National Institute of Corrections was created in 1974 by the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act. Fiscal 1977 was its first full year of operation.
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Knowledge Production Activities Knowledge Application Activities Policy Policy Formula- Program General Implemen- DevelopFiscal Re- tion Dem- Evalu- Purpose tation Dem- ment of DissemYear search onstrations ation Statistics Total onstrations Materials ination Total TOTAL 197? 2.222 2.222 2.222 1976 2.842 2.842 2.842 B77 2.558 2.558 2.558 The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
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Knowledge Production Activities Knowledge Application Activities Policy Policy Formula- Program General Implemen- DevelopFiscal Re- tion Dem- Evalu- Purpose tation Dem- ment of DissemYear search onstrations ation Statistics Total onstrations Materials ination Total TOTAL 1975 21.887 1976 25.626 350 1977 22.172 250 3.35I 10.800 36.038 2.000 4.770 9.771 40.517 11.550 4.248 9.029 35.699 8.650 5.360 7.360 43.398 6.324 17.874 58-391 6.600 15.250 50.949 The Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA) assists state and local governments in strengthening and improving law enforcement and criminal justice.
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Office of 0.5 Technical Operating Knowledge for Regional assistance agency third parties Operations^ TOTAL 50.9 "Sec Chapter 2 for a more detailed discussion. 'While the National Institute of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention is technically under the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, they have been presented and discussed separately in this chapter.
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The remainder of the agency knowledge production and application funds are for the collection of statistics, which are frequently used by third parties as well. For Further Information Write Law Enforcement Assistance Administration, Department of Justice, 633 Indiana Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C.
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is responsible for generating criminal justice data at the national level. Previously, several agencies of the federal government were responsible for providing criminal justice statistics.
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The principal periodic reports of NCJIS are presented in Table 14-4. For Further Information Write National Criminal Justice Information and Statistics Service, Department of Justice, Room 504, Safeway Building, 521 Twelfth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C.
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NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF JUVENILE JUSTICE AND DELINQUENCY PREVENTION Social Knowledge Production and Application Obligations (Sthousands) Knowledge Production Activities Knowledge Application Activities Policy Policy Formula- Program General Implemen- DevelopFiscal Re- tion Dem- Evalu- Purpose tation Dem- ment of DissemYear search onstrations ation Statistics Total onstrations Materials ination Total TOTAL 1976 3.200 350 1.700 5.250 500 660 1.160 6.410 1977 2.125 250 1.200 3.575 400 560 960 4.535 In enacting the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974, Congress enlarged LEAA'S mandate by establishing the Office of Juvenile Justice and creating a second research institute, the National Institute of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (NIJJDP)
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Knowledge Production Activities Knowledge Application Activities Policy Policy Formula- Program General Implemen- DevelopFiscal Re- tion Dem- Evalu- Purpose tation Dem- men t of DissemYear search onstrations ation Statistics Total onstretions Materials ination Total TOTAL 1975 16.887 3.35I 20.238 2.000 4.910 6.910 27.148 1976 16.426 3.070 19.496 2.250 5.184 7.434 26.930 1977 14.047 3.048 17.095 2.250 5.540 7.790 24.885
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The institute supports R&D programs and projects to improve and strengthen the law enforcement and criminal justice systems. NILECI also evaluates and disseminates the results of the various programs supported with LEAA funds.
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Program Evaluation While evaluation research was classified as research, there are several NILECJ programs that were appropriately categorized as program evaluation. The first is the National Evaluation Program, which sponsors evaluation studies of specific approaches and programs already operating within the criminal justice system, including those supported under the LEAA block grant program.
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EXEMPLARY PROJECTS This program systematically identifies outstanding criminal justice projects throughout the country, verifies their accomplishment, and disseminates information about them. Descriptive program brochures and detailed instructional manuals are prepared on
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, compiled by James M Edgar, Reference Services, National Criminal Justice Reference Service; National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice: Annual Report FY 1975 (December 1975)
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was created by the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974, which also created the National Institute of Juvenile Justice. OJJDP has three major operational responsibilities: (1)
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Other special emphasis programs have focused on the following issues: reduction of serious juvenile crimes in schools, prevention of delinquency by correcting learning disabilities, reduction of serious crimes through programs for institutionalized violent offenders, prevention of delinquency by improving neighborhoods and their services, and reduction of serious crimes committed by juvenile gangs. For Further Information Write Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Department of Justice.
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Knowledge Production Activities Knowledge Application Activities Policy Policy Formula- Program General Implemen- DevelopFiscal Re- tion Dem- Evalu- Purpose tation Dem- ment of DissemYear search onstrations ation Statistics Total onstrations Materials ination Total TOTAL l»76 1.025 1.025 1.025 1977 100 100 100 The Immigration and Naturalization Service is responsible for administering immigration and naturalization laws relating to the admission, exclusion, deportation, and naturalization of aliens. Little social research is conducted by the service, as its primary R&D concern is determining what existing or emerging technologies can assist the ser
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Knowledge Production Activities Knowledge Application Activities Policy Policy Formula- Program General Implemen- DevelopFiscal Retion Dem- EvaluPurpose tation Dem- ment of DissemYear search onstrations ation Statistics Total onstrations Materials ination Total TOTAL 1975 702 28 730 730 1976 749 32 781 781 1977 784 35 8W 819 There are two offices in the Department of Justice that perform social research. The Office of Policy and Planning, under the immediate direction of the attorney general, is responsible for the initiation and development of plans for improving the effectiveness and fairness of the federal system of justice, particularly the federal system of criminal justice.
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