The Funding of Social Knowledge Production and Application A Survey of Federal Agencies (1978) / Chapter Skim
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'DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE'
'DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE'
Pages 73-103
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From page 73... ...
Four years later, the Office of Minority Business Enterprise was created and was also charged with conducting research. In 1970, the Office of Telecommunications was established; in 1972, the Domestic and International Business Administration was created with enlarged research responsibilities; in 1973, the Experimental Technology Incentives Program was created within the National Bureau of Standards; in 1974, the National Fire Prevention and Control Administration was created by Congress.
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From page 74... ...
TABLE 5-1 Department of Commerce Social Knowledge Production and Application Activities ($millions) Activity Fiscal 1975 Fiscal 1976 Fiscal 1977 Knowledge production Research Policy formulation demonstrations Program evaluation General purpose statistics Total 19.3 (20.6)
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From page 75... ...
Table 5-2 presents the Department of Commerce agencies that fund social knowledge production and application activities. The Bureau of the Census is the dominant social knowledge production and application agency in the department; it is over five times larger than the next-largest social knowledge production and application agency, the Economic Development Administration.
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From page 76... ...
11 I1 Si i I SB 5Ss lit h i it i s s.K |SS B s!
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From page 77... ...
Travel 0.8 Research Operating Improvement of Service agency federal programs TOTAL 129.6 Numbers may not total due to rounding. "See Chapter 2 for a more detailed discussion.
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From page 80... ...
Knowledge Production Activities Knowledge Application Activities Policy Policy Formula- Program General Implemen- DevelopFiscal Re- tion Dem- Evalu- Purpose lotion Dem- ment of DissemYear search onstrations ation Statistics Total onstrations Materials ination Total TOTAL W75 659 52.988 53.647 957 «7 54.604 1976 763 64.682 65.445 1.047 1.047 66.492 \9T> 872 76.899 77.771 1.824 1.824 79.595 The Bureau of the Census is the largest general purpose statistical agency in the federal government. The bureau has three major activities: o The conduct of all the censuses authorized by law.
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From page 81... ...
Research topics include: sampling theory and survey design; measurement and control of response or measurement errors; editing of statistical data; quality control procedures; and systems analysis, operations research, and time series analyses. General Purpose Statistics The Census Bureau's programs for general purpose statistics are divided into two collections: current statistical collections and periodic census collections (see Tables 5-4 and 5-5)
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From page 82... ...
Population Statistics ($5.3 million) collects data on current population; population estimates and projections; social and economic characteristics of the population.
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From page 83... ...
Another S0.5 million is spent in developmental activities, bringing the total of general purpose statistics to S76.9 million. increase in fiscal 1977 funds (nearly $13 million over fiscal 1976)
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From page 84... ...
Census of Governments: 1972 County Business Patterns Survey of Minority-Owned Business Enterprises: 1972 Mergers and Acquisitions U.S. Census of Transportation: 1972 Bureau of the Census Catalog Bureau of the Census Guide to Programs and Publications Bureau of the Census Technical Papers Bureau of the Census Working Papers SOURCE: Executive Office of the President, Office of Management and Budget.
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From page 85... ...
Research The bureau interprets economic developments in light of economic accounts and other pertinent information. The bureau makes monthly assessments of the national business situation and conducts continuing analyses of the factors underlying cyclical developments and longrange business trends.
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From page 86... ...
; o wealth accounts, which show business and other components of national wealth; o interindustry accounts, which show the interrelationships among industrial markets; o regional accounts, which provide detail on economic activity by state, metropolitan area, and county; o balance of payment accounts, which give details on United States economic transactions with foreign countries; and o international investments, which estimate United States direct investments abroad, foreign direct investment in the United States, income flows associated with these investments, and other economic transactions of multinational enterprises. Dissemination Dissemination activities include the distribution of several major publications by the bureau: Survey of Current Business, Weekly Business Statistics, Business Conditions Digest, Defense Indicators, and Long Term Economic Growth.
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From page 87... ...
This assistance is provided in four programs of research. INTERNATIONAL TRADE ANALYSIS DIBA provides economic analysis and assessment of statistical data concerning the foreign trade of the United States and other nations.
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For Further Information Write Domestic and International Business Administration, Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C.
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From page 89... ...
is to reduce the incidence of substantial and persistent unemployment in economically distressed communities. The aim of EDA is the long-range economic development of communities with severe unemployment and low family income.
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From page 90... ...
An example of EDA research is the study, "A Myth in the Making: The Southern Economic Challenge and the North Economic Decline," which challenges the popular impression that the South has derived great economic benefit from favored treatment in government spending and a preferred status among businesses seeking new plant sites. The study discounts the impression that the South is significantly closing the gap between earnings there and in the North.
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From page 91... ...
Knowledge Production Activities Knowledge Application Activities Policy Policy Formula- Program General Implemen- DevelopFiscal Re- tion Dem- Evalu- Purpose tation Dem- ment of DissemYear search onstrations ation Statistics Total onstrations Materials ination Total TOTAL 1975 648 648 648 WK MM KM 894 1977 862 K2 862 The Maritime Administration is responsible for aiding the development, promotion, and operation of the U.S. merchant marine industry.
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From page 92... ...
investigates ways in which the federal government can stimulate technological innovation in the private sector. The ETIP program and two small programs within the Institute for Applied Technology were the only social knowledge production and application activities found in the National Bureau of Standards.
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From page 93... ...
Recent projects have: o examined the physical and intellectual characteristics of the users in relation to the physical nature and design of the product; o developed methods for measuring people's perception of the degree of risk associated with the use of consumer products; o developed methods for assessing human reactions to safetyrelated changes made in consumer products; and o completed a study of patterns of consumer use and abuse and identified product characteristics that influence consumer behavior and accidents. Policy Formulation Demonstrations The major activity of ETIP is to fund small-scale experiments -- policy formulation demonstrations -- to test hypotheses concerning policies that the federal government can use to stimulate technological innovations in the private sector.
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From page 94... ...
Since MIUS is a policy implementation demonstration, the cost for its evaluation has been presented in this category. For Further Information Write Office of Technical Publications, National Bureau of Standards, Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C.
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From page 95... ...
A major study is being cosponsored with the Center for Fire Research at the National Bureau of Standards to determine why the United States leads the Western world in the number of fire deaths. General Purpose Statistics The agency assembles and analyzes statistical fire data, such as fire incidence and number of injuries incurred.
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From page 96... ...
For Further Information Write Office of Information Services, National Fire Prevention and Control Administration, Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C.
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From page 97... ...
Social research is also conducted in the marine socioeconomic and legal research program. The program was prompted because many
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From page 98... ...
With grants from NOAA, the rapidly changing marine and coastal zone laws have been monitored and interpreted by universities; economists, lawyers, and political scientists have studied the potential impact on the fishing industry of proposals for the enactment of limited-entry legislation by states and the international adoption of a 200-mile economic zone. NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE The service is responsible for fostering the effective management, economic use, and protection of fisheries and the marine environment.
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From page 99... ...
Policy Formulation Demonstrations Demonstration projects are funded by OMBE to gain additional knowledge about minority business conditions, ways to stimulate minority
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From page 100... ...
Knowledge Production Activities Knowledge Application Activities Policy Policy Formula- Program General Implemen- DevelopFiscal Re- tion Dem- Evalu- Purpose tation Dem- ment of DissemYear search onstrations ation Statistics Total onstrations Materials ination Total TOTAL 1975 30 30 2,207 2,207 2.237 1976 30 30 1.505 1.505 1.535 IJ77 30 30 1.330 1.330 I.360 The major objective of the Office of Telecommunications (OT) is to help reduce uncertainty about the development of new high-technology
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From page 101... ...
The office has four major activities: conduct of telecommunications research and development; exploration of how telecommunications systems can be most efficiently used; conduct of engineering analysis; and providing of analysis to government policy makers. The office's social research activities involve providing analysis to government policy makers.
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From page 102... ...
Knowledge Production Activities Knowledge Application Activities Policy Policy Formula- Program General Implemen- DevelopFiscal Re- tion Dem- Evalu- Purpose tation Dem- ment of DissemYear search onstrations ation Statistics Total onstrations Materials ination Total TOTAL 1»75 483 235 718 718 1978 483 235 718 718 IOT7 518 235 753 753 The U.S. Travel Service (USTS)
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From page 103... ...
For Further Information Write U.S. Travel Service, Department of Commerce.
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