Wind and the Built Environment U.S. Needs in Wind Engineering and Hazard Mitigation (1993) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
1. Wind Hazards and Related Issues
1. Wind Hazards and Related Issues
Pages 6-18
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 6... ...
Tornadoes and severe thunderstorms also constitute major wind hazards over much of the United States, often occurring unexpectedly and with devastating effect. For instance, the May 1987 tornado in Saragosa, Texas, killed 30 people-most of them children-wi~hin cr=onncic- i'N~3tir~n~i D=c^~r~h Council, 1991b)
|
From page 7... ...
Wind includes flow associated with a variety of meteorological phenomena: tornadoes, hurricanes, downsiope flows, thunderstorms, boundary-layer flows, and near-calm conditions. Interactions of wind with buildings, towers, bndges, transmission lines, transport vehicles, plants, people, pollution sources, and other terrestrial objects provide a multitude of challenges for wind engineering in the areas of planning, analysis, design, construction, and maintenance.
|
From page 8... ...
It is absolutely necessary to apply proper building codes to the design and construction of school buildings. Further, the building code provisions applied to them should be strictly enforced by inspection because of their use as safe havens during major windstorms.
|
From page 9... ...
Individuals; renters; homeowners; farmers; businesses; and federal, state, and local goverrunents are all called upon to pay the price of losses attributable to hurncanes; tornadoes; severe, local winter storms; and other wind hazards. In human terms, this price includes death, injury, and personal suffering.
|
From page 10... ...
$179 million in public assistance; $~15 million in project applications; $90 million for debris removal; $20 million for protective measures; $15 million for roads and bridges, water control facilities, and other purposes; and $80 million for use on repair or replacement of public buildings. The final tally has not been made for Hurricane Hugo, but these early figures-for South Carolina only-are alarming indicators of the potential future costs resulting from catastrophic wind events.
|
From page 12... ...
b 1982~84 = TOO; deflated by Consumer Price Index WHAT DOES THE FIlTURE HOLD? Several trends with the potential to affect the frequency, severity, and toll that wind events take in both human suffering and economic terms are apparently now converging.
|
From page 13... ...
has released statistics regarding projected population growth along selected state coastlines (Table I-3) that graphically illustrate the significant population increases expected along the Gulf and southern Atlantic coasts.
|
From page 14... ...
Coupling an increasingly frail transportation system with an aging population concentrated in a geographic zone predicted to experience more severe wind events in the future is a likely recipe for disaster. DIE CRITICAL ROLE OF DESIGN STANDARDS, CODES, CODE ENFORCEMENT, AND PI^NNING REGUI^TIONS The development of design standards and the adoption and enforcement of building codes are deliberate and time-consum~ng processes.
|
From page 15... ...
pro ~3 v, v, o x o - ~ In v o v v, cd ~3 Ed ~on ~Q ~ YJa a_ O co ~ ~ u, a.
|
From page 16... ...
Responsibility for those efforts is shared among federal, state, and local governments, and with the private sector, professional organizations, voluntary organizations, the insurance industry, and the public. This fragmentation stems partly from the historic role in government reserved for states arid localities, and partly from the traditional perspective that natural hazards are acts of God for which little anticipatory action is possible and to which pos~disaster humanitarian relief is the most imnartans recnnnc~ as well as a much-Dublic~zed noble cause -- a -~ ~~~~~ ~—fir -I U.S.
|
From page 17... ...
Perhaps the Wind Engineering Research Counci} could serve as this voice, in a role similar to that played by the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute for its constituents. Through these advocates, communities must then approach Congress to establish a NAWSEP (National Wind Science and Engineenng Program)
|
From page 18... ...
' -a ~ ~~ Research in developing or improving analytical, numerical, and eypenmental methodologies, including both laboratory wind tunnel and full-scale field tests 3. Educational development in wind engineering, including establishment of undergraduate fellowships to attract young talents into wind engineering; curnculum development at undergraduate and graduate levels; and institution of cont~nu~g education programs such as seminar series and short courses 4.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.