Body Composition and Physical Performance Applications for the Military Services (1990) / Chapter Skim
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8 New Approaches to Body Composition Evaluation and Some Relationships to Dynamic Muscular Strength
8 New Approaches to Body Composition Evaluation and Some Relationships to Dynamic Muscular Strength
Pages 119-140
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From page 119... ...
National Academy Press o New Approaches to Body Composition Evaluation and Some Relationships to Dynamic Muscular Strength Frank I Katch NEW APPROACHES TO BODY COMPOSITION EVALUATION Estimating Excess Body Fat From Changes in Abdominal Girth A new method has been devised for determining changes in percent body fat (BF)
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From page 120... ...
showed the greatest absolute changes with body mass loss in relation to 11 other trunk and extremity sites. There is also good experimental evidence that increases in total BF result in proportional increases in abdominal fat (Kvist et al., 1986~.
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tThe percent fat value for percentiles 1 and 5 are severe underestimations based on the anthropometric estimation technique and should be interpreted with caution. At the twentyfifth percentile and greater, there is little under- or overestimation using the prediction methodology.
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From page 122... ...
If different percentile values are used for percent BF, then different Q values must be applied in Step 1. The AG Method During Body Mass Loss by Exercise Plus Diet Table 8-4 shows the application of the AG method to four obese men and four obese women who reduced their body mass by an average of 20.5 kg in experiments that involved 1 hour daily of cycling and walk-jog exercises over a 6-month period coupled with mild dietary restriction (Ketch and Katch, 1984~.
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From page 123... ...
~ 83.3 7.042 100.4 104.4 3.8 42.1 65.7 6.254 89.2 89.1 0.1 28.9 1.15 Subject 7: woman, age 37 years, height 1.591 m 1 93.6 7.670 109.4 107.6 1.7 43.8 2 71.9 6.722 95.9 88.2 8.7 35.6 1.12 1 93.8 7.598 71.2 6.619 Subject 8: woman, age 35 years, height 1.625 m 108.3 127.8 15.3 48.5 94.4 105.5 10.5 35.7 1.01 NOTE: F = (body mass [kg] / height [m]
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Either there were small errors in the AG measurements, or the group Q values need refinement. The AG Method During Body Mass Loss by Diet Only Recent data made available by A
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Figure 8-1 shows the results of the simple regression analysis (with 90 percent confidence bands) for the ABMIJAG for 19 women (top)
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. ,' ~ ,'~-"' / y = 1.012X - 3.55 ~ = .882 10 15 20 25 30 35 Male Delta Body Mass Loss Male Delta Body Mass Loss 20 25 30 35 40 FIGURE 8-1 Regression analysis for the change in two abdominal girths plotted as a function of change in body mass for female (top)
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From page 127... ...
The basis of the SOM is the translation between a squared matrix of 12 girths and the previously described body size module F (square root of the quantity body mass in kg divided by stature in decimeters) into a graphic description of the percentage deviations from the reference standard.
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From page 128... ...
The matrix of girths can be separated into muscular and nonmuscular components and compared as mass equivalents. In this paper, the PSOM is presented for a world champion male body builder where there is excessive muscular development, especially in the biceps, chest, and shoulders.
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§Ponderal equivalent nonmuscular component. and F = the square root of the reference man and woman median weight in kg divided by reference man and woman median stature in dm.
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All of the PE values for the girths are identical to the reference woman median weight of 56.2 kg. For the reference models, the deviations of each PE from their respective standards are necessarily zero because there is no deviation from group symmetry (the reference values represent the standard)
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From page 131... ...
, the relationship was examined between individual differences in muscular strength versus body size, body shape, limb volume, muscle plus bone cross-sectional area, and the PSOM- This study was done with two homogeneous groups using a statistical approach that avoided the confounding influence of individual differences in age, gender, and training status.
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From page 132... ...
/4~2, [11 where r is the radius of the upper arm calculated from biceps girth, BiFF is biceps fatfold, and TrFF is triceps fatfold. Muscle plus bone cross-sectional area for the thigh (MCSAThi)
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From page 133... ...
For the statistics, a priori and postmortem sample size estimations using Cohen's Case 2 formula with an alpha level of 0.05 and power of 0.80 required a minimum sample size of 12 subjects per group. The a priori effect size was a 25 percent difference between HS and LS in muscular strength.
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From page 134... ...
In the studies where the average r between estimates of strength and BM and estimates of strength and muscle size exceeded r 2 0.80, it is likely that these r values were spuriously inflated due to at least five factors: · large individual variations in body size and physique among comparison groups, · combining men and women in the salient comparisons, · mingling trained and untrained subjects, · pooling young and old subjects in the data analyses, and
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Perhaps HS subjects had a propensity for upper body development that produced the significantly larger muscular upper body components. The relationship among the PSOM and the various expressions of muscular strength revealed that the PE (ponderal equivalents)
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1990. Relationships of body size, segmental dimensions, and ponderal equivalents to muscular strength in high and low strength subjects.
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1989. A resew approach for estimating excess body fat from changes in abdominal girth.
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From page 139... ...
1970. An anthropometric estimation of body density and lean body weight in young women.
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