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Body Composition and Physical Performance Applications for the Military Services (1990) / Chapter Skim
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13 Sex Differences and Ethnic/Racial Differences in Body Size and Body Composition
Pages 207-220

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From page 207...
... National Academy Press Sex Differences and Ethnic/Racial Differences in Body Size and Body Composition Stanley M Garn SEX DIFFERENCES IN BODY SIZE AND BODY COMPOSITION At all ages, from the first trimester through the tenth decade, the man is the larger of the two chromosomal sexes, being longer and heavier and with a larger lean body weight (LBW)
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From page 208...
... Committee on Dietary Allowances (the Recommended Dietary Allowances the RDAs) and in caloric intakes actually reported in major nutritional surveys (Ten-State, NHANES I and II, the Tecumseh Community Health Survey, and so on)
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From page 209...
... If women who volunteer for service are self-selected for greater stature or for a larger LOW, as is likely, or if training programs and the service academies further select, then the women in service will exceed their total-population (civilian) counterparts in body size and robust build.
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From page 210...
... one might expect bone fracture rates to be higher in women than in men, an expectation of potential importance to the military both with respect to training injuries and to vehicular accidents. However in actual experience, civilian fracture rates are higher for men than for women in the age range of 20 to 40 years.
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From page 211...
... The eighty-fifth percentile for stature in women corresponds to the thirteenth percentile for men. Note that the sexes are most alike in fat weight and skeletal weight.
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From page 212...
... That wartime committee recommended a lowering of stature and weight standards so that recent immigrants from Russia and the Austro-Hungarian Empire would not be subjected to the height and weight standards established for so-called "native Americans". In recent years there has been much litigation concerning weight and weight-height standards for airline stewardesses, oil industry workers, postal workers, and even Sears Roebuck shipping clerks.
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From page 213...
... may be one factor behind the lower fracture rates for adult Blacks of both sexes. However the larger skeletal masses (bone weights and tissue bone volumes)
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From page 214...
... Because a low prepregnancy weight (PPW) can be compensated for by a greater pregnancy weight gain, this aspect of body composition also merits attention in military service.
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From page 215...
... E Sullivan using raw data from the Tecumseh, Michigan Community Health Survey, including radiogrammetic measurements made under contract 53-3K06-5-10 with the Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging.
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From page 216...
... A1though percent body fat does differ markedly between the sexes, because of the larger body weight in men, the distribution of fat weight is similar. 43 000 +~8 48.000 +0000000000000 53.000 +800000000000000000000000 58.000 +~0000000000000000000000000 63.000 +~.ab6~OOOOOOOOOO 68.000 +~_/XXXXXXX 73 000 +~.e66~8x X X Y X X 78.000 +~.o.6X XXXXX:XX.Y/X Y 83.000 +~-~6XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 88.000 +.e~xxxxxxxxxxxx 93.000 +~00 X X 98.000 ~XXXXXX 103.00 108.00 't3.00 +O +00 VVEIGHT MALE~40-49)
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From page 217...
... +00 +ooooooo +600000000000000000000 +~0000000000000000000000000000000000E +~ ~80000000000000000000000000000 +~0600006~ ~ 00000000 +~se088exxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx~ +.axxxxx>`xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxXXXxXxxxxXXXXXxXXXX +~eyxxxxxxx XX xX FAT FREE WEIGHT MALE~40-49)
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From page 218...
... . +~8QQO +~.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX +XXXXXXXXXXXXX +.XXXXXX +X XX X X XX X X X X XXXXX ~XXXXXXXXXXXXX + X X X X X X X +XX AX +X XXX FIGURE l 3-5 Distribution of height in centimeters (cm)
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From page 219...
... +00000 +0000000~000~000000000 +00000~0000000000000000-0000000000000 +~80~040000000000000000000000000000000 +~-00000 +~ -XYXXXXXXXXXXXXX +~0XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX ~XXXXXXXXXXXX +8XXXXXX>`XXX8~.IXX +yXXxxx XX CORTICAL AREA MALE~40-49)
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From page 220...
... .() ~ X X FIGURE 13-9 Distribution of skeletal weight in grams (g)
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Key Terms

  • body composition
  • fat weight
  • fifth decade
  • body weight
  • sex differences

  • lean body
  • body size
  • community health
  • racial differences
  • percent fat

  • health survey
  • fracture rates
  • tissue bone
  • dietary allowances
  • military service

  • weight standards
  • sexual overlap
  • socioeconomic status
  • michigan community
  • larger skeletal

  • tecumseh community
  • native american
  • american women
  • black women
  • individuals aged

  • fracture rate
  • cortical bone
  • white women
  • field performance
  • bone length


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