Oceanography in the Next Decade Building New Partnerships (1992) / Chapter Skim
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2 Toward New Partnerships in Ocean Sciences
2 Toward New Partnerships in Ocean Sciences
Pages 24-46
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From page 24... ...
The numerous federal agencies involved in marine science and policy Stiffer greatly in their use of marine science knowledge and in their responsibility to the academic community. Agency responsibilities range from NSF's and ONR's active promotion of the health of basic science to highly specific and practical rulemaking procedures of the Environmental Protection Agency tEPA)
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From page 25... ...
Yet, although such agencies have relied on academic scientists for much of the basic knowledge required to understand! policy questions, they have not assumed a serious responsibility to advance that knowledge.
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From page 26... ...
The academic and private oceanographic institutions, working with the federal government, have shown remarkable ingenuity in developing mechanisms to coordinate multiinstitutional resources (e.g., the University-National Oceanographic Laboratory System [UNOLS) and the Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc.
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From page 27... ...
Key elements in such partnerships are encouraging individual scientists to take intellectual risks in advancing basic knowledge, providing support that is tied to solving existing problems, and encouraging scientists to cooperate in the development of large shared research endeavors. Communication Many mission agencies and academic scientists have little experience interacting with one another, but both groups would benefit from doing so.
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From page 28... ...
As these programs expand, resources for individual investigator grants could be reduced if other agencies c30 not assume responsibility for some of the funding. Responsibility of Academic Institutions Through the years, academic oceanographic institutions evolved different organizational structures ranging from typical academic departments to large comprehensive institutions that operate multiple ships and shared facilities.
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From page 29... ...
formal interaction couIc3 significantly improve the efficiency of the national oceanographic effort. The major facility available to the marine science community, the research fleet, is a national resource.
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From page 30... ...
Data Management and Exchange The board recommends that the present system for data management and exchange within and among the various elements of the marine science community be modernized to reflect the existence of distributed computing systems, national and international data networks, improved satellite data links, and on-line distribution of oceanographic data. Also, provision must be made for future access to existing data.
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From page 31... ...
NSF maintains strong relationships with academic scientists and is the major source of funcling for basic ocean research. NSF depends heavily on external scientists for program management, program review, individual peer review of proposals, and review panel memberships.
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From page 32... ...
The present partnership is basically healthy, and the continued vigor of marine science will depend more than ever on NSF leadership in maintaining the fundamental science. Numerous aspects of the partnership require constant attention: the need for NSF to broker interagency funding for basic science as its own resources are outstripped; the balance between organized scientific efforts and individual investigator, independent grants; and determination of the proper balance among disciplines.
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From page 33... ...
However, the oceanographer's office provides the oceanographic community with access to global data sets and modeling capability. Data available from the Navy's monitoring network could be an important component of a global ocean observing system.
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From page 34... ...
Its mission is to explore, map, and chart the global ocean and its living resources and to manage, use, and conserve those resources; to describe, monitor, and predict colons In tne atmosphere, ocean, Sun, and space environment; to issue warnings against impending destructive natural events; to assess the consequences of inadvertent environmental modification over several scales of time; and to manage and disseminate Tong-term environmental information. Several partnerships now exist between NOAA and the academic community.
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From page 35... ...
Further, critical issues such as the transition of the global ocean observing system to an operational phase must be examined in the context of NOAA's overall responsibilities and of research results from the Climate and Global Change Program and the Coastal Ocean Program. Development and implementation of a global ocean observing system, led by NOAA, would require better partnerships among agencies and between NOAA and academic scientists.
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From page 36... ...
It is clear that we can no longer afford the luxury of regarcling individual agency vessels as unrelated, with no sharing of resources. A major obstacle for marine science lies in the difficulties of developing and managing spaceborne instruments over the next decades.
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From page 37... ...
EPA's need both to view pollution control from a larger environmental perspective and to increase its reliance on science offers prospects for partnerships with the academic ocean science community. EPA engages scientists in its environmental research laboratories, a relatively small extramural grants program, exploratory environmental research centers, and environmental management programs, including the National Estuary Program.
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Although many academic ocean scientists have been involved in MMS studies, the agency has traclitionally relief! on commercial procurement contracting to acquire technical information.
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From page 39... ...
To overcome these limitations, MMS has sought to increase the involvement of academic ocean scientists in its Environmental Studies Program through a variety of mechanisms: t1) two cooperative agreements with university groups to support investigator-initiated research on the long-term effects of petroleum development activities fi.e., the Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium in the Gulf of Mexico and the University of California-Santa Barbara in southern California)
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From page 40... ...
to build a first-class national oceanographic satellite capability. NASA established excellent scientific centers at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the Goddard Space Flight Center, and put together an effective headquarters team that oversaw the centers' research and supported research at academic institutions, many of them outside the mainstream oceanographic institutions.
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From page 41... ...
to the far-sighted NASA policies of a decade ago. The only parameter strongly recommended by the ocean community for measurement in the 1990s that is not included in present plans is Earth's gravity fielcI; this oversight needs to be rectified by joint discussions between NASA and the European Space Agency.
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Because of the importance of oceanography to the Global Change Research Program, NASA shouIc! reestablish some mechanism with sufficient stature at headquarters to communicate with the marine science community.
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Somewhat more than a decacle ago, Congress assigned DOE the responsibility to collect information and maintain a major data base on carbon dioxi~cle. Interest in carbon dioxide was growing because of the increasing bocly of theory suggesting a relationship between the greenhouse effect and energy production and supply.
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From page 44... ...
other groups. The OSB has reviewed the Coastal Ocean Margins Program, has advised the Carbon Dioxide Program on oceanic carbon dioxide research, and is presently advising the Office of Health and Environmental Research on the application of molecular biological techniques to marine research.
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From page 45... ...
The program located it facilities near academic or oceanographic institutions (i.e., Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, the University of South Florida, Stanford University, and the University of Washington) , which permits sharing of marine infrastructure and human resources.
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From page 46... ...
46 OCEANOGRAPHY IN THE NEXT DECADE ductec3 in California, Boston harbor, and Louisiana and the participation of academic scientists and students in EEZ mapping cruises. · Reexamination of USGS marine research goals in light of areas for increasing cooperation with academic scientists.
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