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From page 299... ... standards, 19, 210-211, 215, 219, 228, 229, 230 Anaphylaxis, 131 and latex, 127, 128 Animals, 99, 104-105 see also Birds; Cat dander; Dogs; Pets; Rodents Antibiotics, 119, 121 Antibodies, see Immunoglobulin; In vitro antibody tests Antigen-presenting cells (APC) , 135 137 Antihistamines, 10 and skin test reactivity, 163 Read the entire page →
From page 300... ... 300 Arthropoda, see Cockroaches; Dust mites Asian Americans, asthma prevalence, 70 Aspergillus fungi, 74, 75, 109, 110-111 Assessment, see Diagnosis; Exposure assessment; Risk assessment; Tests and testing methods Asthma, 6-7, 34, 57, 132, 147 allergen evaluation and control, 16, 19-20, 97-98 and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, 74 and animals, 9, 25, 36, 37, 107 and Aspergillus fumigates, 67 attributable fractions, 59, 62-63 and bacteria, 113 and birds, 105 and bronchitis, 59, 69, 79-80 and cat dander, 68, 69, 93, 100 and chemical allergens, 27, 117, 119, 121-122, 123 and children, 6, 59, 61, 64, 67, 68, 69, 70 and cockroaches, 9, 47, 69, 92 costs, 7, 22, 34-35, 61, 84 deaths, 6, 8, 34, 64, 65-67, 70 diagnosis of, 12, 15, 16, 18, 30, 57 58, 166, 167, 175, 178, 180 and dust mites, 9, 16, 36, 67, 68, 88, 93, 199-200 epidemiological studies, 58-59 and fungi, 9, 67, 68, 74, 111, 117 and grasses, 68 historical studies, 37 hospitalization, 8, 34, 61, 64-65, 66, 68, 69 and microbes, 114 and monkeys, 105 patient education and management, 15, 19-20, 178, 233-240, 242-244 prevalence, 6, 7, 22, 34, 55, 60-61, 62-67 and quality of life, 58 and smoking, 59 Asymptomatic atopy, 42 Atopic dermatitis, 73 Atopy, 3, 42, 56 INDEX and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 81 Attributable fractions, 59-60 asthma, 59, 62-63 Aureobasidium, 75, 77 Australasia, asthma deaths, 64 Avoidance measures, see Control measures Azo-dyes, 121 B Bacteria, 29, 112-114, 213 Bedding, 24, 98 and dust mites, 9, 10, 16, 95-96 feathers in, 105 Behavior modification, see Education, of patients Benefits systems, disability assessment, 17-18 Biocides, 115, 218, 225 Birds, 24-26, 105-106 and hypersensitivity pneumonitis, 75, 105-106 B lymphocytes, 141-142 Body plethysmography, 12 Bria~con, France, 50, 51 Britain asthma, 64 and humidifier fever, 78 sinusitis, 78 Bronchial hyperreactivity, 30 -- 31, 57, 67, 68, 184 testing of, 179-180 Bronchiolitis, 69 Bronchitis, 3, 79-81, 83 and asthma, 59, 69, 79-80 Bronchoalveolar ravage, 181 Bronchoprovocation testing, 17, 180181, 183 Bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, see Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis Building-related illness (BRI) , 81-83, 206-207 Buildings, see Building-related illness; Engineering control; HVAC Read the entire page →
From page 301... ... INDEX systems; Maintenance of buildings; Sick building syndrome C Carpeting, 19, 24, 38, 213-214, 223, 230 and cat dander, 101 and dust mites, 10, 16, 95, 96 and rhinitis, 37 Case control studies, 59 Cat dander, 9, 99-102 and HVAC filters, 14 lions and tigers, 105 reagents for, 11, 25, 100, 106 Cattle, 104-105 CD4+ cells, 136, 139, 147 Cell-mediated immunity, 132 and dermatitis, 73 and fungi, 26-27 testing of, 12, 53, 166, 168 Cellular processes and mechanisms, 135-144 Central heating, see Heating; HVAC systems Chemical allergens, 9, 27-28, 117-125 exposure assessment, 32 and in vitro testing, 30 multiple chemical sensitivity, 43 and rhinitis, 27, 119, 121 sensitization to, 27, 28, 53, 122-123 Chicago, asthma, 70 Children, 44, 47, 56, 57, 98 asthma education, 233-236 asthma onset, 67,68 asthma prevalence, 6, 59, 61, 64, 69, 70 bronchial hyperreactivity, 180 bronchitis, 59 dermatitis, 73 dust mite sensitization, 50, 51 rhinitis, 72 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (CORD) , 79-81 Classification of reactions, 3, 39, 40, 132 Cockroaches, 9, 91-92 301 Colds, 83 Competing risks, 59-60 Condensation, 211-212, 227 Conjunctivitis, 3, 132 and chemical allergens, 13, 119, 121 Construction materials, 214 Contact dermatitis, 73-74 Control measures cat dander, 101-102 for dust mites, 9, 10, 24, 94-96, 225 226, 236-238 efficacy assessment, 17-18, 24, 44, 98 fungal and microbial infestation, 97, 114-116 household, 7, 9, 10, 98 insects, 96-97 pets and animals, 26, 96, 104, 107 pollen, 97 and quality of life, 24, 98-99 research needs, 23-24, 98 see also Education; Engineering control; Therapeutic interventions Costs analyses, 15-16, 84 asthma cases, 7, 22, 34-35, 61, 84 Cotton dust standard, 176 Cromolyn, 10 Cross-reactivity, 11, 30, 31, 91, 166, 169-170 Cultural environment and allergy prevalence, 22, 84 and asthma, 70 Cumulative exposure, 13 Cystic fibrosis and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, 74 Cytokines, 147, 149-150, 168 D Daily diaries, 159-160 Dander, see Cat dander Deaths, asthma, 6, 8, 34, 64, 65-67, 70 Deer, 105 Definition of allergy, 39 Dehumidifiers, 212, 227 Read the entire page →
From page 302... ... 302 Delayed-type hypersensitivity, see Cell mediated immunity Dermatitis, 55, 72-74, 88 Dermatophagoides mites, 89-91 Detergents and bacteria, 113 and dust mites, 16, 97 Development of allergies, see Genetic factors; Sensitization Diagnosis, 10-11, 16-18 allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, 74 dermatitis, 73-74 of hypersensitivity pneumonitis, 75 of rhinitis, 71-72, 166, 180 use of daily diaries, 159-160 use of physical examinations, 159 see also Asthma, diagnosis of; In vitro antibody tests; Medical history; Pulmonary function tests; Skin tests; Tests and testing methods Diesel fumes, 53 Diffusing-capacity testing, 12, 181-182 Disability assessment, using pulmonary function tests, 17-18 Dogs, 25, 102, 106 Double-immuno-diffusion testing, 1112 Drugs, 10 Duct work, 207, 219-220 cleaning, 32-33, 116, 225, 231 Dust, 86-88 and asthma, 67, 88 in HVAC systems, 217-218 and rhinitis, 37, 72, 88 sampling of, 188-189, 195 Dust mites, 9, 87-88, 89-91 and birds, 105 and building climate, 10, 14, 16, 38, 88, 89, 96, 210-211 control measures, 9, 10, 24, 94-96, 225-226, 236-238 exposure and sensitization, 13, 31, 50, 51, 52, 93 research needs, 16 standardized reagents for, 111 INDEX EEconomic impacts of allergy, 7-8, 1516, 23-24, 84-85 asthma, 6, 61 Eczema, see Dermatitis Education building engineers and management, 21, 244-245 of medical personnel, 15, 20-21, 240-243, 244 of patients, 15, 19-20, 44, 233-244 Electronics industry, 118-119 Electrostatic precipitation, 116 Elk, 105 Emergency medical service asthma, 6, 7, 61 Emphysema, 79-81 Endotoxins, 29, 88 Energy efficiency, and building design, 37-38 Engineering control, 13, 18-19, 32-33, 206-209, 227-232 air cleaning, 225-226 and allergy education, 21 building design, 37-38, 207-208, 210-214 remediation, 224-227 see also HVAC systems; Maintenance of buildings Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) , 11, 167 Eosinophils, 143 Epidemiological studies, 44 acute respiratory illnesses, 83 asthma, 58-59 atopy, 42 recommendations for, 83-85 rhinitis, 71-72 sensitization, 23, 46-47, 48-49, 51, 84-85 sinusitis, 78 use of pulmonary function tests, 17, 18, 183-184 use of skin tests, 11, 47 see also Attributable fractions; Risk assessment Read the entire page →
From page 303... ... INDEX Epithelium, 134, 146 Epoxy resins, 121 Ethnic groups, see African Americans; Mexican Americans; Race and ethnicity Ethylenediamine, 121 Exercise testing, 12, 179, 182 Exposure assessment, 13, 18, 185187 personal doses, 194-196 research needs, 18, 23, 31-32, 204205 sample analysis, 191-193 sample collection, 31-32, 94, 187191, 204-205 Exposure levels, relation to sensitization, 5-6, 13, 23, 38, 50, 51, 93-94 Extracts, see Reagents and extracts Eye irritation, 83 F Farms and farmers animal allergens, 104-105 "farmer's lung," 75, 76 Feathers, see Birds Fibrosis, and hypersensitivity pneumonitis, 75 Ficus benjamina, 126 Field testing of control measures, 24 Filtration, see HVAC systems Flooring, 214 Food allergies, 37 Food and Drug Administration, 169 Formaldehyde, 121-122 Fungi, 9, 11, 108-111 Aspergillus, 74, 75, 109, 110-111 and asthma, 9, 67, 68, 74, 111, 117 and building climate, 211 and carpeting, 213 research needs, 26-27, 29, 116-117 and rhinitis, 9, 72 sampling, 190, 192 see also HVAC systems, fungal and microbial infestation 303 G Gas dilution, 12 Gender differences asthma, 69 sensitization, 47 Genetic factors, 2-4, 29, 42, 151-152 asthma, 67 and childhood onset, 50, 56, 57 dermatitis, 73 Geographic location, 83-84 and asthma, 68-69 see also Inner-city areas Grasses, 72, 97 Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma, 15, 241, 243 Guinea pigs, 103, 104 H Hamsters, 104 Haptens, 119 Hay fever, see Rhinitis Health care facilities, 7, 65, 66 HVAC standards, 215 worker allergen exposure, 119, 128, 129 Heating, 37-38 see also HVAC systems Heredity, see Genetic factors Histamine, 3, 39, 42, 57, 179, 180 History of allergy, 37, 38 Horses, 105 Hospitalization for asthma, 8, 34, 61, 64-65, 66, 68, 69 for hypersensitivity pneumonitis, 75 Hours spent indoors, 2, 34 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) , 139 Humidifiers, 109, 112, 115, 207, 212, 218-219 "humidifier fever," 77-78, 113, 114 Humidity, 24, 38 control, 19, 115, 210-211, 222, 227 and dust mites, 10, 16, 88, 89, 96 Read the entire page →
From page 304... ... , 3, 39, 41-42, 142 and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, 74 and dermatitis, 73 and dust mites, 88 and fungi, 11, 111, 117 in vitro testing, 11, 166-167 reaction to smoke, 52-53 and rhinitis, 71 and skin tests, 46, 160-161 Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, 74 and fungi, 110-111 and hypersensitivity pneumonitis, 39, Japan 53, 75, 77 INDEX testing of, 11-12, 53, 114, 167, 193 Immunologic hemorrhagic pneumonitis and chemical allergens, 27, 119, 121, 124 Immunologic tests, see In vitro antibody tests; Laboratory studies; Reagents and extracts; Skin tests Immunotherapy (allergy shots) Read the entire page →
From page 305... ... chemicals, see Chemical allergens Lung volume measurement, 12, 181 Lymphocyte transformation assay, 12, 168 M Macrophages, 135, 136, 137, 138, 150 151 Maintenance of buildings, 33, 222-224 and allergy education, 21 Mammals, see Cat dander; Dogs; Pets; Rodents Mast cells, 3, 39, 41-42, 134, 142-143 Mattresses 9, 10 Mediators, 144-146, 168 Medical devices, latex, 129 Medical history, 10-11, 29, 153-159 Medical personnel allergen exposure, 119, 128, 129 education of, 15, 20-21, 240-243, 244 Metals, 121 Methacholine, 57, 179, 180 Mexican Americans, 70 Mice, 103-104 Microbes, 108, 114-115, 214 305 and building climate, 38, 210-211 and humidifier fever, 77-78 see also Bacteria; Fungi; HVAC systems, fungal and microbial Infestation Middle Ages, 38 Mites, see Dust mites Moisture control, 33, 210-213 Mold, see Fungi Monitoring, see Exposure assessment Mucus, 146 Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) , 43 Multiple exposure sources, see Competing risks N Nasal effects, see Rhinitis Nasal ravage, 183 National Center for Health Statistics, asthma survey coding, 65 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 177 Native Americans, asthma prevalence, 67, 70 Neutrophils, 143-144 New York City, asthma, 70 New Zealand, asthma deaths, 64 Nitrogen dioxide, 53 Non-IgE-mediated isocyanate asthma, and chemical allergens, 27, 124 No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) Read the entire page →
From page 306... ... , 119 Pulmonary function tests, 12, 17-18, 30-31, 171-184 Q Quality of life and asthma, 34 impacts of control measures, 24, 9899 R Rabbits, 103, 104 Race and ethnicity, 84 asthma prevalence, 6, 22, 34, 61, 70 child sensitization, 47 see also African Americans Radioallergosorbent test (RAST) , 11, 165, 166-167 Rats, 103 Reagents and extracts for animal sources, 11, 24-25, 100, 106 for fungi, 11, 111 for in vitro antibody tests, 12, 30, 168-169, 171 for skin tests, 11, 30, 163-164 Regional allergens, 83-84 Relapse prevention, 20 Research assays, 12 Reservoir sampling, 31-32, 94, 188 189, 193 Respiratory effects adjuvant, 150-151 allergen-specific, 147-150 immune and inflammatory cells, 135144 nonspecific defense mechanisms, 146 structural tissue and cells, 133-135 see also Acute respiratory illnesses; Read the entire page →
From page 307... ... , 81, 206-207 Sinusitis, 55, 78-79 Skin reaction, 149 see also Dermatitis; Skin tests; Urticaria Skin tests, 11, 16-17, 29-30, 46~7, 160-166, 170 adverse reactions to, 11, 162, 164 smoking and reactivity, 52-53 use of house dust, 87 Slime molds, 114 Smoke and smoking, 52-53 bronchial hyperreactivity, 180 and bronchitis, 59, 69, 79 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 81 Socioeconomic status and allergy prevalence, 22, 70, 71, 84 and patient education, 20, 235-236 Sources of allergens, see Cat dander; Chemical allergens; Cockroaches; Dust mites; Exposure assessment; Fungi; Humidifiers; HVAC systems; Pets; Risk assessment; Rodents Southern Building Code Congress International, 215 Spina bifida, and latex allergy, 128 Spirometry, 12, 17, 173-177, 183 Spores, see Fungi; Slime molds Standards and standardization asthma survey coding, 65 chemical exposure levels, 122, 125 HVAC systems, 19, 33, 210-211, 215, 219, 228, 229, 230 Read the entire page →
From page 308... ... , 117-123 passim U Upholstery, 24, 98 and dust mites, 9, 10 Urban-rural differences asthma, 68-69 Urticaria and latex, 127, 128 V Vacuuming, 32, 38, 223, 230-231 and dust mite control, 10 Vapor retarders, 212 Ventilation, 13-14, 16, 19, 35, 38, 97 and animal allergens, 25 and moisture control, 33 see also HVAC systems Veterinarians, 105 W Water damage, 19, 212, 227 carpeting, 213-214 Wheezing, 69, 83 Workplaces, 9, 28, 54-55, 119-125 passim, 229 animals in, 99 and bacteria, 113 and humidifier fever, 77-78 and hypersensitivity pneumonitis, 77, 119 plants in, 28, 126, 129 sensitization prevalence, 53 see also Building-related illness; Farms and farmers; Health care facilities; Laboratory workers; Sick building syndrome z Zoos, 105 Read the entire page →

From page 299...

... standards, 19, 210-211, 215, 219, 228, 229, 230 Anaphylaxis, 131 and latex, 127, 128 Animals, 99, 104-105 see also Birds; Cat dander; Dogs; Pets; Rodents Antibiotics, 119, 121 Antibodies, see Immunoglobulin; In vitro antibody tests Antigen-presenting cells (APC) , 135 137 Antihistamines, 10 and skin test reactivity, 163

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From page 300...

... 300 Arthropoda, see Cockroaches; Dust mites Asian Americans, asthma prevalence, 70 Aspergillus fungi, 74, 75, 109, 110-111 Assessment, see Diagnosis; Exposure assessment; Risk assessment; Tests and testing methods Asthma, 6-7, 34, 57, 132, 147 allergen evaluation and control, 16, 19-20, 97-98 and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, 74 and animals, 9, 25, 36, 37, 107 and Aspergillus fumigates, 67 attributable fractions, 59, 62-63 and bacteria, 113 and birds, 105 and bronchitis, 59, 69, 79-80 and cat dander, 68, 69, 93, 100 and chemical allergens, 27, 117, 119, 121-122, 123 and children, 6, 59, 61, 64, 67, 68, 69, 70 and cockroaches, 9, 47, 69, 92 costs, 7, 22, 34-35, 61, 84 deaths, 6, 8, 34, 64, 65-67, 70 diagnosis of, 12, 15, 16, 18, 30, 57 58, 166, 167, 175, 178, 180 and dust mites, 9, 16, 36, 67, 68, 88, 93, 199-200 epidemiological studies, 58-59 and fungi, 9, 67, 68, 74, 111, 117 and grasses, 68 historical studies, 37 hospitalization, 8, 34, 61, 64-65, 66, 68, 69 and microbes, 114 and monkeys, 105 patient education and management, 15, 19-20, 178, 233-240, 242-244 prevalence, 6, 7, 22, 34, 55, 60-61, 62-67 and quality of life, 58 and smoking, 59 Asymptomatic atopy, 42 Atopic dermatitis, 73 Atopy, 3, 42, 56 INDEX and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 81 Attributable fractions, 59-60 asthma, 59, 62-63 Aureobasidium, 75, 77 Australasia, asthma deaths, 64 Avoidance measures, see Control measures Azo-dyes, 121 B Bacteria, 29, 112-114, 213 Bedding, 24, 98 and dust mites, 9, 10, 16, 95-96 feathers in, 105 Behavior modification, see Education, of patients Benefits systems, disability assessment, 17-18 Biocides, 115, 218, 225 Birds, 24-26, 105-106 and hypersensitivity pneumonitis, 75, 105-106 B lymphocytes, 141-142 Body plethysmography, 12 Bria~con, France, 50, 51 Britain asthma, 64 and humidifier fever, 78 sinusitis, 78 Bronchial hyperreactivity, 30 -- 31, 57, 67, 68, 184 testing of, 179-180 Bronchiolitis, 69 Bronchitis, 3, 79-81, 83 and asthma, 59, 69, 79-80 Bronchoalveolar ravage, 181 Bronchoprovocation testing, 17, 180181, 183 Bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, see Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis Building-related illness (BRI) , 81-83, 206-207 Buildings, see Building-related illness; Engineering control; HVAC

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From page 301...

... INDEX systems; Maintenance of buildings; Sick building syndrome C Carpeting, 19, 24, 38, 213-214, 223, 230 and cat dander, 101 and dust mites, 10, 16, 95, 96 and rhinitis, 37 Case control studies, 59 Cat dander, 9, 99-102 and HVAC filters, 14 lions and tigers, 105 reagents for, 11, 25, 100, 106 Cattle, 104-105 CD4+ cells, 136, 139, 147 Cell-mediated immunity, 132 and dermatitis, 73 and fungi, 26-27 testing of, 12, 53, 166, 168 Cellular processes and mechanisms, 135-144 Central heating, see Heating; HVAC systems Chemical allergens, 9, 27-28, 117-125 exposure assessment, 32 and in vitro testing, 30 multiple chemical sensitivity, 43 and rhinitis, 27, 119, 121 sensitization to, 27, 28, 53, 122-123 Chicago, asthma, 70 Children, 44, 47, 56, 57, 98 asthma education, 233-236 asthma onset, 67,68 asthma prevalence, 6, 59, 61, 64, 69, 70 bronchial hyperreactivity, 180 bronchitis, 59 dermatitis, 73 dust mite sensitization, 50, 51 rhinitis, 72 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (CORD) , 79-81 Classification of reactions, 3, 39, 40, 132 Cockroaches, 9, 91-92 301 Colds, 83 Competing risks, 59-60 Condensation, 211-212, 227 Conjunctivitis, 3, 132 and chemical allergens, 13, 119, 121 Construction materials, 214 Contact dermatitis, 73-74 Control measures cat dander, 101-102 for dust mites, 9, 10, 24, 94-96, 225 226, 236-238 efficacy assessment, 17-18, 24, 44, 98 fungal and microbial infestation, 97, 114-116 household, 7, 9, 10, 98 insects, 96-97 pets and animals, 26, 96, 104, 107 pollen, 97 and quality of life, 24, 98-99 research needs, 23-24, 98 see also Education; Engineering control; Therapeutic interventions Costs analyses, 15-16, 84 asthma cases, 7, 22, 34-35, 61, 84 Cotton dust standard, 176 Cromolyn, 10 Cross-reactivity, 11, 30, 31, 91, 166, 169-170 Cultural environment and allergy prevalence, 22, 84 and asthma, 70 Cumulative exposure, 13 Cystic fibrosis and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, 74 Cytokines, 147, 149-150, 168 D Daily diaries, 159-160 Dander, see Cat dander Deaths, asthma, 6, 8, 34, 64, 65-67, 70 Deer, 105 Definition of allergy, 39 Dehumidifiers, 212, 227

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From page 302...

... 302 Delayed-type hypersensitivity, see Cell mediated immunity Dermatitis, 55, 72-74, 88 Dermatophagoides mites, 89-91 Detergents and bacteria, 113 and dust mites, 16, 97 Development of allergies, see Genetic factors; Sensitization Diagnosis, 10-11, 16-18 allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, 74 dermatitis, 73-74 of hypersensitivity pneumonitis, 75 of rhinitis, 71-72, 166, 180 use of daily diaries, 159-160 use of physical examinations, 159 see also Asthma, diagnosis of; In vitro antibody tests; Medical history; Pulmonary function tests; Skin tests; Tests and testing methods Diesel fumes, 53 Diffusing-capacity testing, 12, 181-182 Disability assessment, using pulmonary function tests, 17-18 Dogs, 25, 102, 106 Double-immuno-diffusion testing, 1112 Drugs, 10 Duct work, 207, 219-220 cleaning, 32-33, 116, 225, 231 Dust, 86-88 and asthma, 67, 88 in HVAC systems, 217-218 and rhinitis, 37, 72, 88 sampling of, 188-189, 195 Dust mites, 9, 87-88, 89-91 and birds, 105 and building climate, 10, 14, 16, 38, 88, 89, 96, 210-211 control measures, 9, 10, 24, 94-96, 225-226, 236-238 exposure and sensitization, 13, 31, 50, 51, 52, 93 research needs, 16 standardized reagents for, 111 INDEX EEconomic impacts of allergy, 7-8, 1516, 23-24, 84-85 asthma, 6, 61 Eczema, see Dermatitis Education building engineers and management, 21, 244-245 of medical personnel, 15, 20-21, 240-243, 244 of patients, 15, 19-20, 44, 233-244 Electronics industry, 118-119 Electrostatic precipitation, 116 Elk, 105 Emergency medical service asthma, 6, 7, 61 Emphysema, 79-81 Endotoxins, 29, 88 Energy efficiency, and building design, 37-38 Engineering control, 13, 18-19, 32-33, 206-209, 227-232 air cleaning, 225-226 and allergy education, 21 building design, 37-38, 207-208, 210-214 remediation, 224-227 see also HVAC systems; Maintenance of buildings Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) , 11, 167 Eosinophils, 143 Epidemiological studies, 44 acute respiratory illnesses, 83 asthma, 58-59 atopy, 42 recommendations for, 83-85 rhinitis, 71-72 sensitization, 23, 46-47, 48-49, 51, 84-85 sinusitis, 78 use of pulmonary function tests, 17, 18, 183-184 use of skin tests, 11, 47 see also Attributable fractions; Risk assessment

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From page 303...

... INDEX Epithelium, 134, 146 Epoxy resins, 121 Ethnic groups, see African Americans; Mexican Americans; Race and ethnicity Ethylenediamine, 121 Exercise testing, 12, 179, 182 Exposure assessment, 13, 18, 185187 personal doses, 194-196 research needs, 18, 23, 31-32, 204205 sample analysis, 191-193 sample collection, 31-32, 94, 187191, 204-205 Exposure levels, relation to sensitization, 5-6, 13, 23, 38, 50, 51, 93-94 Extracts, see Reagents and extracts Eye irritation, 83 F Farms and farmers animal allergens, 104-105 "farmer's lung," 75, 76 Feathers, see Birds Fibrosis, and hypersensitivity pneumonitis, 75 Ficus benjamina, 126 Field testing of control measures, 24 Filtration, see HVAC systems Flooring, 214 Food allergies, 37 Food and Drug Administration, 169 Formaldehyde, 121-122 Fungi, 9, 11, 108-111 Aspergillus, 74, 75, 109, 110-111 and asthma, 9, 67, 68, 74, 111, 117 and building climate, 211 and carpeting, 213 research needs, 26-27, 29, 116-117 and rhinitis, 9, 72 sampling, 190, 192 see also HVAC systems, fungal and microbial infestation 303 G Gas dilution, 12 Gender differences asthma, 69 sensitization, 47 Genetic factors, 2-4, 29, 42, 151-152 asthma, 67 and childhood onset, 50, 56, 57 dermatitis, 73 Geographic location, 83-84 and asthma, 68-69 see also Inner-city areas Grasses, 72, 97 Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma, 15, 241, 243 Guinea pigs, 103, 104 H Hamsters, 104 Haptens, 119 Hay fever, see Rhinitis Health care facilities, 7, 65, 66 HVAC standards, 215 worker allergen exposure, 119, 128, 129 Heating, 37-38 see also HVAC systems Heredity, see Genetic factors Histamine, 3, 39, 42, 57, 179, 180 History of allergy, 37, 38 Horses, 105 Hospitalization for asthma, 8, 34, 61, 64-65, 66, 68, 69 for hypersensitivity pneumonitis, 75 Hours spent indoors, 2, 34 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) , 139 Humidifiers, 109, 112, 115, 207, 212, 218-219 "humidifier fever," 77-78, 113, 114 Humidity, 24, 38 control, 19, 115, 210-211, 222, 227 and dust mites, 10, 16, 88, 89, 96

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From page 304...

... , 3, 39, 41-42, 142 and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, 74 and dermatitis, 73 and dust mites, 88 and fungi, 11, 111, 117 in vitro testing, 11, 166-167 reaction to smoke, 52-53 and rhinitis, 71 and skin tests, 46, 160-161 Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, 74 and fungi, 110-111 and hypersensitivity pneumonitis, 39, Japan 53, 75, 77 INDEX testing of, 11-12, 53, 114, 167, 193 Immunologic hemorrhagic pneumonitis and chemical allergens, 27, 119, 121, 124 Immunologic tests, see In vitro antibody tests; Laboratory studies; Reagents and extracts; Skin tests Immunotherapy (allergy shots)

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From page 305...

... chemicals, see Chemical allergens Lung volume measurement, 12, 181 Lymphocyte transformation assay, 12, 168 M Macrophages, 135, 136, 137, 138, 150 151 Maintenance of buildings, 33, 222-224 and allergy education, 21 Mammals, see Cat dander; Dogs; Pets; Rodents Mast cells, 3, 39, 41-42, 134, 142-143 Mattresses 9, 10 Mediators, 144-146, 168 Medical devices, latex, 129 Medical history, 10-11, 29, 153-159 Medical personnel allergen exposure, 119, 128, 129 education of, 15, 20-21, 240-243, 244 Metals, 121 Methacholine, 57, 179, 180 Mexican Americans, 70 Mice, 103-104 Microbes, 108, 114-115, 214 305 and building climate, 38, 210-211 and humidifier fever, 77-78 see also Bacteria; Fungi; HVAC systems, fungal and microbial Infestation Middle Ages, 38 Mites, see Dust mites Moisture control, 33, 210-213 Mold, see Fungi Monitoring, see Exposure assessment Mucus, 146 Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) , 43 Multiple exposure sources, see Competing risks N Nasal effects, see Rhinitis Nasal ravage, 183 National Center for Health Statistics, asthma survey coding, 65 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 177 Native Americans, asthma prevalence, 67, 70 Neutrophils, 143-144 New York City, asthma, 70 New Zealand, asthma deaths, 64 Nitrogen dioxide, 53 Non-IgE-mediated isocyanate asthma, and chemical allergens, 27, 124 No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL)

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From page 306...

... , 119 Pulmonary function tests, 12, 17-18, 30-31, 171-184 Q Quality of life and asthma, 34 impacts of control measures, 24, 9899 R Rabbits, 103, 104 Race and ethnicity, 84 asthma prevalence, 6, 22, 34, 61, 70 child sensitization, 47 see also African Americans Radioallergosorbent test (RAST) , 11, 165, 166-167 Rats, 103 Reagents and extracts for animal sources, 11, 24-25, 100, 106 for fungi, 11, 111 for in vitro antibody tests, 12, 30, 168-169, 171 for skin tests, 11, 30, 163-164 Regional allergens, 83-84 Relapse prevention, 20 Research assays, 12 Reservoir sampling, 31-32, 94, 188 189, 193 Respiratory effects adjuvant, 150-151 allergen-specific, 147-150 immune and inflammatory cells, 135144 nonspecific defense mechanisms, 146 structural tissue and cells, 133-135 see also Acute respiratory illnesses;

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From page 307...

... , 81, 206-207 Sinusitis, 55, 78-79 Skin reaction, 149 see also Dermatitis; Skin tests; Urticaria Skin tests, 11, 16-17, 29-30, 46~7, 160-166, 170 adverse reactions to, 11, 162, 164 smoking and reactivity, 52-53 use of house dust, 87 Slime molds, 114 Smoke and smoking, 52-53 bronchial hyperreactivity, 180 and bronchitis, 59, 69, 79 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 81 Socioeconomic status and allergy prevalence, 22, 70, 71, 84 and patient education, 20, 235-236 Sources of allergens, see Cat dander; Chemical allergens; Cockroaches; Dust mites; Exposure assessment; Fungi; Humidifiers; HVAC systems; Pets; Risk assessment; Rodents Southern Building Code Congress International, 215 Spina bifida, and latex allergy, 128 Spirometry, 12, 17, 173-177, 183 Spores, see Fungi; Slime molds Standards and standardization asthma survey coding, 65 chemical exposure levels, 122, 125 HVAC systems, 19, 33, 210-211, 215, 219, 228, 229, 230

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From page 308...

... , 117-123 passim U Upholstery, 24, 98 and dust mites, 9, 10 Urban-rural differences asthma, 68-69 Urticaria and latex, 127, 128 V Vacuuming, 32, 38, 223, 230-231 and dust mite control, 10 Vapor retarders, 212 Ventilation, 13-14, 16, 19, 35, 38, 97 and animal allergens, 25 and moisture control, 33 see also HVAC systems Veterinarians, 105 W Water damage, 19, 212, 227 carpeting, 213-214 Wheezing, 69, 83 Workplaces, 9, 28, 54-55, 119-125 passim, 229 animals in, 99 and bacteria, 113 and humidifier fever, 77-78 and hypersensitivity pneumonitis, 77, 119 plants in, 28, 126, 129 sensitization prevalence, 53 see also Building-related illness; Farms and farmers; Health care facilities; Laboratory workers; Sick building syndrome z Zoos, 105

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Index Pages 299-308

Index
Pages 299-308