Assessment of the U.S. Outer Continental Shelf Environmental Studies Program III. Social and Economic Studies (1992) / Chapter Skim
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Introduction
Introduction
Pages 11-22
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From page 11... ...
and gas leasing of Me outer continental shelf (OCS) also was largely a local concern until 1969, when a spill resulted from a blowout at a Union Oil platform.
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The plan is developed in a two-year process that includes consultation with the governments of coastal states, federal agencies, and the public. Beginning in 1983, MMS offered lease sales for entire areas rather than for selected tracts so that He number of blocks and leases was increased and drilling of more exploratory wells in frontier areas, such as areas of deep water, was encouraged.
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so. FIGURE 1-2 Outer Continental Shelf planning areas (contiguous United States)
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spills that result from OCS development and production on coastal resources such as fisheries, endangered species, and marine wildlife are a major source of public concern. Other sources of potential harm associated with OCS development include We discharge of produced water and drilling muds, the chronic loss of of!
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From page 15... ...
§1344) requires MMS to manage the oil and gas leasing program in light of ache economic, social, and environmental value of the renewable and nonrenewable resources in the outer continental shelf; the marine, coastal, and human environments that could be affected; the laws, goals, and policies of affected states; and the equitable sharing of developmental benefits and environmental risks among the various regions.
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Under the mandate to establish procedures for conducting environmental studies, guidance was developed by an OCS ad hoc advisory committee and published in "Study Design for Resource Management Decisions: OCS Oil and Gas Development and the Environment" 03LM, 1978~; it was adopted by the OCS Advisory Board (Figure t-3) on April 29, 1978.
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· Provide a basis for future environmental monitoring of OCS operations, including assessments of the short-term and long-tenn effects attributable to the OCS oil and gas program.
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Appendix C discusses the evolution of the federal OCS program from national and regional perspectives. PLANNING AND PROCUREMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Development of a Studies Plan In 1978, MMS developed a framework for setting study priorities, based on the importance of He study for decision making, timeliness, generic applicability of results, availability of information, and applicability to issues of regional or program concern.
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comm., MMS, 1988~; the actual timing varies for individual studies and lease sales.3 WHY MMS NEI:DS SOCIOECONOMICS INFORMATION The Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act as amended in 1978 mandates a balance between the use of mineral resources and the protection of the human, marine, and coastal environments. Thus, compliance wig OCSLA requires the government to have scientific info, e~.ntinn in~l~1in~ socioeconomic information.
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13 14 18 19 21 22 23 24 In this example, five years elapse from the completion of the draft regional study plan to the lease sale. The postlease process includes evaluation of the exploration plan and approval for a driving permit, evaluation and approval of the development and production plan, issuance of a pipeline permit, and termination or expiration of the lease.
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Socioeconomic information also is needed to set the terms of OCS operations and to manage ache effects of OCS activities (an example is seasonal drilling restrictions imposed by MMS in the Beaufort Sea to avoid effects on migrations of bowhead whales)
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. This does not imply that Me objective is publication in a peer-reviewed journal, but rather that the quality of the data and scientific interpretations used in the studies Mat support OCS decisions should meet this basic scientific standard.
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