Assessment of the U.S. Outer Continental Shelf Environmental Studies Program III. Social and Economic Studies (1992) / Chapter Skim
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The Human Environment
The Human Environment
Pages 23-28
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From page 23... ...
The term "human environments as defined by the act includes not only the features of ecosystems as perceived by, related to, or modified by human populations, but the human populations themselves and their social, cultural, and economic systems. This simple characterization masks enormous complexity and requires some ciari~Scation before it can be used as the basis for designing or evaluating a research program.
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From page 24... ...
· Given the current need for national, regional, and local comparative studies, how do global studies fit in? · Valuing consequences of environmental change: Valuation research should explicitly address the subjective nature of valuation and the phenomenon of differences in valuation, for instance, by exploring ways of soliciting valuations from different actors as part of the social decision process.
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From page 25... ...
THE SYMBOLIC NATURE OF THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT The human environment includes a range of demographic, economic, physical, and social features and activities that are no less important for being relatively obvious, straightforward, and easily quantified. Examples include population size and distribution; birth, death, and morbidity rates and general conditions of health; patterns and rates of immigration and emigration; dominant economic activities; economic diversity; employment and unemployment patterns and rates; traffic patterns and capacities; tax bases; government services, including education, infrastructure maintenance, police protection, and recreational facilities; and tourism and recreation.
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From page 26... ...
Even in Alaska, where He socioeconomics program has surpassed Hose of other regions by a large margin, there is a need for a more comprehensive and integrated view of Ohs Herman environment. ~~r~ ~ ^~ ~~ An_ ~^ no_ ~^ The conception of the human environment must be sufficiently comprehensive to allow the full range of phenomena constituting human systems to enter into the analyses and to take into consideration the concerns of all interested parties, especially those who are likely to experience the social and economic effects of OCS activities most Erectly.
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From page 27... ...
and in practical application in siting waste facilities ~PA, 1982~. The information-based approach typically emphasizes processes meant to reduce the gap between risk assessment and risk perception in the same or comparable circumstances (Krimsky and Plough, 1988~.
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From page 28... ...
This discussion of risk leads to four main conclusions: · Socioeconomic theories exist relevant to a general class of problem facing MMS- its difficulty in proceeding with its OCS oil and gas leasing program. · "Success," considered as any improvement over gridlock in decision making, exists in several herds comparable to offshore nil and cat activities .
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