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From page 251... ... :Index A Accounting practice control system components and 196197 engineering/manufacturing knowledge in, 191, 193, 200 environmental costs in, 15, 191, 234 environmentally sensitive, 199-200 in international agreements, 113 organizational barriers to environmental sensitivity in, 193-196 public access to information, 194 role of, 193 sustainability accounts in, 234 traditional, 197-199 in waste reduction strategies, 191-193 Air Force Pollution Prevention Program education/training in, 153-154 funding, 152 green weapon systems, 159-163 incentives for compliance, 154-155 information needs, 163 objectives, 151-153, 163-164 origins, 149-151 ozone-depleting chemicals in, 149, 152, 160 251 procedural obstacles, 159-160 purchasing procedures, 155-159, 160163 Antitrust law, 5, 103, 131 n.12 Automobile industry catalytic converter technology, 36 current recycling practice, 4, 165-167 environmental regulation for, 169-170 in functionality economy, 16 life cycle analysis, 182t life cycle analysis and recycling in, 169 mandatory recycling of used autos, 127 plastics recycling, 168 B Barcelona Convention, 114 Bell Telephone System, 16 Bottle bills, 115 C Cadmium, 73-74 Carbon dioxide, 8, 37 n.4 economic modeling of future emissions, 66 Read the entire page →
From page 252... ... , 114 Economic theory case studies in modeling of, 64465 intergenerational equity in, 91-92 motivation for pollution prevention, 10~107 role of, 61-62 safe minimum standard in, 93-97 sustainability accounts in, 234 utilization-oriented economy, 181-190 valuation in industrial vs. service economy, 178 Educational system engineering curriculum, 225-226 in industrial ecosystem evolution, 1~17 role in industrial ecology, 230, 237-239 Electrification, 48~9, 55 Electronics industry chlorofluorocarbons in, 21 ~211 chromated coatings in, 209-210 Design for Environment in, 209, 212213 structure, 208 technological development in, 208-209 Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act, 117 Energy, Department of, 129 Read the entire page →
From page 253... ... . soda opposition to energy consumption, 47~8 transition to sustainability, 6-8, 17-18 Energy technology trends, 48-50 Environmental Protection Agency, 5, 99, 100, 1 1 1, 149, 211 regulatory approach, 104, 105-106, 129, 194 Equilibrium models, economic, 61-62 F Federal Facility Compliance Act, 155 Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, 105 Fossil fuels benefit-pollution comparison, 39~0, 43 consumption in developing nations, 46 dissipative materials flows, 40~3 estimated current consumption, 54 estimated future consumption, 5~55 estimated supply, 50-53, 55 historical social benefits in use of, 43~4 policy questions, 38-39 social opposition to use of, 47~8 terminology, 38 in transition to sustainability, 6-8, 8-39, 55-57 U.S. Read the entire page →
From page 254... ... environmental management, 226 Japan, 207 energy consumption, 44, 45, 46, 54 environmental governance in, 129-130 L Landfill operations, 35, 37 n.5 automobile recycling residue in, 166-167 trends, 158-159 Read the entire page →
From page 255... ... See also Recycling; Waste flows anthropogenic nutrient fluxes, 28, 29t in assessing industrial evolution, 6, 8 in assessing sustainability, 31-35 assessment in systems, 9 in automobile manufacturing/recycling, 165-169 in chemical engineering design paradigms, 218-220, 223-225 closed vs. open systems, 25-27 differentiating products in, 138-139 in fossil fuel use, 40-43 four-box model, 26-27 in industrial metabolism, 23-28, 31-35 natural vs. Read the entire page →
From page 256... ... reusable products, 1 Pesticides, 128 Plastics, in automobile recycling, 168 INDEX Pollution prevention. See also Air Force Pollution Prevention Program atmospheric emissions of trace metals, 28, 30t chemical engineering design paradigm, 223-225 conceptual development, 98, 137, 201, 222-225 economics of voluntary compliance, 100-104, 108 education/training courses, 153-154, 225-226 engineering design in, 223, 225-226 future needs, 63 industry benefits, 98-99 international law mechanisms, 110-118 intra-industry cooperation, 102-103, 127 as market value, 10 by medium, 35, 105 nitrogen oxides in, 43 regulatory solutions, 107 risk assessment and, 99 role of law in, 108- 109, 120 sulfur oxides in, 43 in systems approach, 17-18, 35-36, 137 taxation incentives for, 10-11 via enforcement, 106-107 vie permitting, 106-107 vs. Read the entire page →
From page 257... ... See also Design for Environment automobile recyclability, 167-170 consumer interest in green products, 140 customer specifications in 13 140 , , engineering education and, 1 ~ 17, 225 226 engineering profession in, 217-218 environmental assessment methodology, 172-176 environmental factors in, 11, 12-13 geographic impacts, 146 government intervention, 125 in industrial ecology concept, 126 i n t e r g e n e r a t i o n a l c o n s i d e r a t i o n s ,146 - 147 life cycle assessment in, 13-15, 141 participants in, 205 product complexity/materials and, 138 139 supplier management systems in, 12-13, 142, 155-156 telephone, case study, 171-177 total environmental cost in, IS, 125-126 in utilization-oriented economy, 188 Product labeling, 11~117 Productivity of materials, 9, 34 R Reaction products, 222 Recycling in Air Force Pollution Prevention Program, 159 257 in assessing industrial evolution, 6, 8 in assessing system sustainability, 31, 34 assessment of environmental cost in, 172-173 in automobile industry, 165-167 closed loop model, 179-183 complexity of product design and, 138139 concentration in waste stream and, 78 80, 88 as conclusion of materials flow, 31 information needs, 4, 18 international agreements, 114-l lS of lead waste, 73, 74-78, 211-212 liability concept in, 181-186 market force barriers to, 4-S, 18 optimizing use of goods vs., 183-186, 189-190 parts labeling in manufacturing process, 167, 174 plastics, 168 regulatory barriers to, 5, 18 remanufacturing, 129, 132 n.16, 166 take-back regulations, 127-128, 129, 139, 168, 183, 206, 207 telephone, 176 waste flows in systems approach, 3-4, 17-18 Regulatory action automobile industry and, 169-170 chlorofluorocarbons in electronics industry, 210-211 command-and-control approach, 104, 109, 110-111, 126, 138, 212, 213 in corporate accounting, 194 economics of voluntary pollution prevention and, 101-104, 108 encouraging use vs. production of goods, 128-129 federal approaches, 104-107, 129 government purchasing procedure as, 155-158 hazardous classification of lead dross, S Read the entire page →
From page 258... ... See also Sustainable systems Structural economics, 61, 62, 64 INDEX Substitutability of resources, 37 n.7, 91, 92-93 social costs and, in limiting scenarios, 10, 93-97 Sulfur anthropogenic emissions, 41-42 waste flow of, 32-33 Sulfur oxides, 41, 43, 54 economic modeling of future emissions, 66 Summit of the Arch, 114 Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act, 71 Sustainability economic modeling, 234 industrial ecology and, 5-6 intergenerational equity calculations, 91-92, 146-147 materials flows in assessment of, 31-35 meaning of, 5, 90-91, 228 research needs, 236 resource substitution for, 90-91, 92-93 technological change for, 228-229 transition to, 6-8, 15-16, 17-18, 38-39, 55-57, 237-239 T Take-back regulations, 127-128, 129, 139, 168, 183, 206, 207 Taxation to encourage evolution of industrial ecosystems, 10-11, 126 energy use and, 45-46, 47 Taylor, Frederick, 37 n.8 Technological development attitudes toward, 220-222 research needs, 237 role of, 228-229 Telephone design, case study of, 171-177 Thoreau, Henry David, 220-221 Total quality management, 11, 12, 205, 211 Toxic Release Inventory, 70, 71 Toxic Substances Control Act, 105 Treaty on European Union, 114 Read the entire page →
From page 259... ... 10 industrial, 40-41, 71-72 lead in, 9 metals in, 73-78 in military settings, 152, 15~155 recoverable materials in, 69 recycle/reuse loops, 179-183 of sulfur, 32 in systems approach, 3-4 waste reduction strategies, 178-179 Waste sinks, 2 Wetlands, 95 World Charter for Nature, 114 World Commission on Environment and Development, 90, 228 World Energy Council, 41 z Zero discharge, 8, 100, 223. Read the entire page →

From page 251...

... :Index A Accounting practice control system components and 196197 engineering/manufacturing knowledge in, 191, 193, 200 environmental costs in, 15, 191, 234 environmentally sensitive, 199-200 in international agreements, 113 organizational barriers to environmental sensitivity in, 193-196 public access to information, 194 role of, 193 sustainability accounts in, 234 traditional, 197-199 in waste reduction strategies, 191-193 Air Force Pollution Prevention Program education/training in, 153-154 funding, 152 green weapon systems, 159-163 incentives for compliance, 154-155 information needs, 163 objectives, 151-153, 163-164 origins, 149-151 ozone-depleting chemicals in, 149, 152, 160 251 procedural obstacles, 159-160 purchasing procedures, 155-159, 160163 Antitrust law, 5, 103, 131 n.12 Automobile industry catalytic converter technology, 36 current recycling practice, 4, 165-167 environmental regulation for, 169-170 in functionality economy, 16 life cycle analysis, 182t life cycle analysis and recycling in, 169 mandatory recycling of used autos, 127 plastics recycling, 168 B Barcelona Convention, 114 Bell Telephone System, 16 Bottle bills, 115 C Cadmium, 73-74 Carbon dioxide, 8, 37 n.4 economic modeling of future emissions, 66

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From page 252...

... , 114 Economic theory case studies in modeling of, 64465 intergenerational equity in, 91-92 motivation for pollution prevention, 10~107 role of, 61-62 safe minimum standard in, 93-97 sustainability accounts in, 234 utilization-oriented economy, 181-190 valuation in industrial vs. service economy, 178 Educational system engineering curriculum, 225-226 in industrial ecosystem evolution, 1~17 role in industrial ecology, 230, 237-239 Electrification, 48~9, 55 Electronics industry chlorofluorocarbons in, 21 ~211 chromated coatings in, 209-210 Design for Environment in, 209, 212213 structure, 208 technological development in, 208-209 Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act, 117 Energy, Department of, 129

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From page 253...

... . soda opposition to energy consumption, 47~8 transition to sustainability, 6-8, 17-18 Energy technology trends, 48-50 Environmental Protection Agency, 5, 99, 100, 1 1 1, 149, 211 regulatory approach, 104, 105-106, 129, 194 Equilibrium models, economic, 61-62 F Federal Facility Compliance Act, 155 Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, 105 Fossil fuels benefit-pollution comparison, 39~0, 43 consumption in developing nations, 46 dissipative materials flows, 40~3 estimated current consumption, 54 estimated future consumption, 5~55 estimated supply, 50-53, 55 historical social benefits in use of, 43~4 policy questions, 38-39 social opposition to use of, 47~8 terminology, 38 in transition to sustainability, 6-8, 8-39, 55-57 U.S.

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From page 254...

... environmental management, 226 Japan, 207 energy consumption, 44, 45, 46, 54 environmental governance in, 129-130 L Landfill operations, 35, 37 n.5 automobile recycling residue in, 166-167 trends, 158-159

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From page 255...

... See also Recycling; Waste flows anthropogenic nutrient fluxes, 28, 29t in assessing industrial evolution, 6, 8 in assessing sustainability, 31-35 assessment in systems, 9 in automobile manufacturing/recycling, 165-169 in chemical engineering design paradigms, 218-220, 223-225 closed vs. open systems, 25-27 differentiating products in, 138-139 in fossil fuel use, 40-43 four-box model, 26-27 in industrial metabolism, 23-28, 31-35 natural vs.

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From page 256...

... reusable products, 1 Pesticides, 128 Plastics, in automobile recycling, 168 INDEX Pollution prevention. See also Air Force Pollution Prevention Program atmospheric emissions of trace metals, 28, 30t chemical engineering design paradigm, 223-225 conceptual development, 98, 137, 201, 222-225 economics of voluntary compliance, 100-104, 108 education/training courses, 153-154, 225-226 engineering design in, 223, 225-226 future needs, 63 industry benefits, 98-99 international law mechanisms, 110-118 intra-industry cooperation, 102-103, 127 as market value, 10 by medium, 35, 105 nitrogen oxides in, 43 regulatory solutions, 107 risk assessment and, 99 role of law in, 108- 109, 120 sulfur oxides in, 43 in systems approach, 17-18, 35-36, 137 taxation incentives for, 10-11 via enforcement, 106-107 vie permitting, 106-107 vs.

Read the entire page →

From page 257...

... See also Design for Environment automobile recyclability, 167-170 consumer interest in green products, 140 customer specifications in 13 140 , , engineering education and, 1 ~ 17, 225 226 engineering profession in, 217-218 environmental assessment methodology, 172-176 environmental factors in, 11, 12-13 geographic impacts, 146 government intervention, 125 in industrial ecology concept, 126 i n t e r g e n e r a t i o n a l c o n s i d e r a t i o n s ,146 - 147 life cycle assessment in, 13-15, 141 participants in, 205 product complexity/materials and, 138 139 supplier management systems in, 12-13, 142, 155-156 telephone, case study, 171-177 total environmental cost in, IS, 125-126 in utilization-oriented economy, 188 Product labeling, 11~117 Productivity of materials, 9, 34 R Reaction products, 222 Recycling in Air Force Pollution Prevention Program, 159 257 in assessing industrial evolution, 6, 8 in assessing system sustainability, 31, 34 assessment of environmental cost in, 172-173 in automobile industry, 165-167 closed loop model, 179-183 complexity of product design and, 138139 concentration in waste stream and, 78 80, 88 as conclusion of materials flow, 31 information needs, 4, 18 international agreements, 114-l lS of lead waste, 73, 74-78, 211-212 liability concept in, 181-186 market force barriers to, 4-S, 18 optimizing use of goods vs., 183-186, 189-190 parts labeling in manufacturing process, 167, 174 plastics, 168 regulatory barriers to, 5, 18 remanufacturing, 129, 132 n.16, 166 take-back regulations, 127-128, 129, 139, 168, 183, 206, 207 telephone, 176 waste flows in systems approach, 3-4, 17-18 Regulatory action automobile industry and, 169-170 chlorofluorocarbons in electronics industry, 210-211 command-and-control approach, 104, 109, 110-111, 126, 138, 212, 213 in corporate accounting, 194 economics of voluntary pollution prevention and, 101-104, 108 encouraging use vs. production of goods, 128-129 federal approaches, 104-107, 129 government purchasing procedure as, 155-158 hazardous classification of lead dross, S

Read the entire page →

From page 258...

... See also Sustainable systems Structural economics, 61, 62, 64 INDEX Substitutability of resources, 37 n.7, 91, 92-93 social costs and, in limiting scenarios, 10, 93-97 Sulfur anthropogenic emissions, 41-42 waste flow of, 32-33 Sulfur oxides, 41, 43, 54 economic modeling of future emissions, 66 Summit of the Arch, 114 Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act, 71 Sustainability economic modeling, 234 industrial ecology and, 5-6 intergenerational equity calculations, 91-92, 146-147 materials flows in assessment of, 31-35 meaning of, 5, 90-91, 228 research needs, 236 resource substitution for, 90-91, 92-93 technological change for, 228-229 transition to, 6-8, 15-16, 17-18, 38-39, 55-57, 237-239 T Take-back regulations, 127-128, 129, 139, 168, 183, 206, 207 Taxation to encourage evolution of industrial ecosystems, 10-11, 126 energy use and, 45-46, 47 Taylor, Frederick, 37 n.8 Technological development attitudes toward, 220-222 research needs, 237 role of, 228-229 Telephone design, case study of, 171-177 Thoreau, Henry David, 220-221 Total quality management, 11, 12, 205, 211 Toxic Release Inventory, 70, 71 Toxic Substances Control Act, 105 Treaty on European Union, 114

Read the entire page →

From page 259...

... 10 industrial, 40-41, 71-72 lead in, 9 metals in, 73-78 in military settings, 152, 15~155 recoverable materials in, 69 recycle/reuse loops, 179-183 of sulfur, 32 in systems approach, 3-4 waste reduction strategies, 178-179 Waste sinks, 2 Wetlands, 95 World Charter for Nature, 114 World Commission on Environment and Development, 90, 228 World Energy Council, 41 z Zero discharge, 8, 100, 223.

Read the entire page →

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Index Pages 251-259

Index
Pages 251-259