Careers in Clinical Research Obstacles and Opportunities (1994) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix A: Report of the Task Force on Clinical Research in Dentistry
Appendix A: Report of the Task Force on Clinical Research in Dentistry
Pages 237-250
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From page 237... ...
Past successes of clinical research in dentistry underscore the need for continued clinical dental research to take full advantage of opportunities for transfer of fundamental information to patients. No example is more dramatic Han the significant reduction in dental caries and corresponding improvements in the oral health of school-age children and young adults that is estimated to have saved over $39 billion, in 1990 dollars, from 1979 through 1989.
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From page 238... ...
Improve the peer review structure for clinical dental research proposals. · Address the shortage in human resources needed to accomplish dental clinical research objectives by developing an essentially new type of investigator, He senior dental clinical scientist, improving the clinical research competencies of both seasoned and young dentist-scientists with basic science training; and capitalizing on the capabilities of existing dental clinical faculty through the implementation of an innovative short-term training program for dental clinical research associates.
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From page 239... ...
Behavioral science studies in clinical dental research examine issues such as patient compliance, utilization of specific self-care or provider-based prevention or treatment intervention, and health promotion. Furthermore, utilizing the oral cavity as a "window to He body," clinical dental research offers a model with broad applicability to biomedical research in such areas as pain control, mucosal immunity, and the pa~obiology of secretions and secretory glands.
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From page 240... ...
Advances in anti-infective therapy for periodontitis; in the clinical, radiographic, and laboratory diagnoses of oral disease; in the remineralization of carious lesions; and in the regeneration of oral tissues destroyed as a result of chronic infection are but a few of the areas ripe for clinical application. Furthermore, there have been major advances in the science of clinical dental research itself, with significant improvements in data collection instruments and statistical analysis of hypothesis-oriented clinical problems.
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From page 241... ...
Clinical dental research has emerged as a highly sophisticated and specialized field addressing major public health problems. The level of education and expertise necessary both to formulate and to review clinical dental research proposals is akin to that required in other highly specialized biomedical fields, such as molecular biology.
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From page 242... ...
Background The task force defines a senior dental clinical scientist as one who plans, develops, coordinates, directs, and analyzes 'patient-oriented or patient-related" clinical dental research. This scientist should ideally be a dentist or dental scientist with a full-time effort and a long-term commitment in clinical investigation.
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From page 243... ...
Such research plans would typically be developed by the senior dental clinical scientists or a dentist-scientist with special clinical research training. The ability of the dental research community to carry out the needed dental clinical research agenda is dependent on a cadre of such dental clinical research associates who would function as examiners, operators, or in over roles to assist in clinical research.
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From page 244... ...
The elements of training senior dental clinical scientists include academic and clinical epidemiology, research design and methods, biostatistics, clinical measurements, and clinical laboratory methodologies. Training in a clinical specialty or subspecialty may also be necessary for a fully Gained, independent clinical investigator.
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From page 245... ...
· Work with the American Dental Association, FDA, and other regulatory agencies to develop guidelines for every large clinical studies and, most important, multicenter clinical trials to ensure the training, calibration, and continued quality control of dental clinical research associates who function as examiners or operators. BARRIERS TO THE DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATORS IN DENTISTRY The conduct of highquality clinical research is hampered by several barriers to the development, support, and long-term retention of qualified and motivated clinical scientists.
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From page 246... ...
This has resulted in dental schools, hospital-based graduate dental schools, and hospital-based graduate specialty programs that lack access to significant federal clinical service funding. These constraints significantly limit the ability of dental schools to support clinical research.
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From page 247... ...
The culture of U.S. dental schools also presents special problems in the development of an environment conducive to successful clinical research.
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From page 248... ...
More specific and near-term measures of success include more research funds devoted to clinical dental research by government and private industry, more clinical researchers engaged in population-based studies of oral disease, and more frequent and higher-quality publication of the results of clinical research projects. Projecting the Potential Need for Clinical Researchers It is difficult to project the potential need and demand for clinical researchers among private industry, the federal government, health science centers, and other such institutions.
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From page 249... ...
Further, and perhaps most-important, this does not account for the clinical research personnel needs of private industry and nondental institutions in health science centers, hospitals, and the other employees of clinical dental researchers, which are not easily estimated but may be large and growing.
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From page 250... ...
LIPTON, Special Assistant for Scientific Development, Epidemiology and Oral Disease Prevention Program, National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland PRESTON A LIl-1LETON, JR., Executive Director, American Association of Dental Schools, Washington, D.C.
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