Examining a Developmental Approach to Childhood Obesity The Fetal and Early Childhood Years: Workshop Summary (2015) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix B: Speaker Biographies
Appendix B: Speaker Biographies
Pages 151-160
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From page 151... ...
This work involves an exploration of patterns and determinants of growth from infancy through young adulthood; the long-term consequences of fetal and early child-growth patterns; the development of chronic disease risk factors in adolescents and young adults; and determinants of women's nutritional status through the life cycle. She also collaborates with other Department of Nutrition faculty in the study of (1)
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From page 152... ...
Epigenetic markers, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs, modify chromatin structure and gene expression without changing the underlying DNA sequence. Unlike genetic mutations, which represent rare events with permanent consequences on genes, epigenetic changes are reversible and responsive to environmental influences.
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From page 153... ...
together with invasive human clinical investigation in vivo and in vitro, using human skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and, more recently, umbilicalderived mesenchymal stem cells from infants born to obese women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus.
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From page 154... ...
He has served in leadership roles in the U.S. National Children's Study, the International Society for Developmental Origins of Health and Disease, the American Heart Association, and the American Academy of Pediatrics.
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From page 155... ...
Dr. Hall advocated for folic acid supplementation, pediatric physician resources, the development of specific disease health guidelines, and research on rare genetic disorders and natural history.
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From page 156... ...
She uses a combination of dietary interventions and cross-sectional human population designs to study changes in the microbial community composition and functional genes associated with health outcomes. More specifically, she is interested in the role of the gut microbiome in obesity, how the metabolism of diet by microbiota may influence host epigenetics, and intermediary mechanisms of inflammation modulated by the gut microbiome.
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From page 157... ...
, she showed for the first time that maternal nutritional constraint induces long-term epigenetic changes in the regulation of key metabolic genes leading to persistent changes in phenotype. She is a founding member of the Epigen consortium, an international consortium investigating the role of epigenetic processes in the developmental origins of disease.
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From page 158... ...
Ongoing work in Dr. Relton's laboratory includes projects focusing on the role of epigenetic variation in obesity, type 2 diabetes, and related comorbidities; the role of epigenetic variation in women's health through the menopause; determinants of DNA methylation variation in infants and children; the identification of epigenetic biomarkers of cognitive function; the role of DNA methylation in the pathogenesis of lung cancer; and variation in epigenetic signatures during fetal development.
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From page 159... ...
He also investigates the potential for the reversibility of developmental programming via both nutritional and pharmacologic interventions and was one of the first to show that developmental programming was potentially reversible with interventions in the early life period via the adipokine leptin.
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