Continuity of NASA Earth Observations from Space A Value Framework (2015) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 6-11
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 6... ...
A notable expression of the scientific community's overarching objectives for NASA Earth science is found in the 2007 National Research Council (NRC) decadal survey Earth Science and Applications from Space: National Imperatives for the Next Decade and Beyond (NRC, 2007)
|
From page 7... ...
,18 and Pre-Aerosol, Clouds, and Ocean Ecosystem (PACE) .19 Starting in fiscal year 2014, the Administration directed NASA to assume responsibility for a suite of climaterelevant observations for the purpose of continuing a multi-decadal data record in ozone profiling, Earth radiation budget, and total solar irradiance.
|
From page 8... ...
Nowhere is this more evident than in understanding global climate change, where the time scales of "research" are those traditionally ascribed to "monitoring." Depending on the spatial and temporal scales of interest and the nature of the particular process, the climate change "signal" to be detected may be small relative to other sources of variability. For example, attribution of a change in sea surface temperatures due to greenhouse gases requires measurements that average over periods long enough to distinguish the warming signal from the larger seasonal and decadal variability of naturally occurring phenomena, such as the El Niño and La Niña.
|
From page 9... ...
TABLE 1.1 NASA FY 2016 President's Budget Request Summary NOTE: The enacted fiscal year 2015 funding for NASA Earth Science is $1,772.5 million. Appropriations for fiscal year 2016 were still pending as this report went to press; however, it is expected to be between the House's preferred $1,682.9 million and the Senate's preferred $1,931.6 million.
|
From page 10... ...
are most applicable to choices among extended missions undertaken for research purposes aimed at quantifying global change.23 For such decisions, emphasis is on extending measurements to understand the signals of the Earth system under a changing climate and further to provide the observational basis for improved models and model projections of future climate impacts. With this specific focus, the recommended framework is intended as a new method for evaluating science-driven continuity missions and represents a complement to the existing NASA proposal evaluation processes for NASA Research Announcements24 and Earth Venture Announcements of Opportunity.25 Extended missions directed primarily at operational- or applications-based needs did not readily lend themselves to the framework here that balances scientific needs to make choices; however, applications-based priorities could be amenable to a similar approach.
|
From page 11... ...
Chapter 8 in Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (T.F.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.