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Next Generation Earth System Prediction Strategies for Subseasonal to Seasonal Forecasts (2016) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix C: Past, Current, and Planned Major International Process Studies
Pages 323-328

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From page 323...
... TOGA COARE (Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment) -- TOGA COARE was the second major international field campaign in the tropics.
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From page 324...
... -- SHEBA is an international research program designed to document, understand, and predict the physical processes that determine the surface energy budget and the sea-ice mass balance in the Arctic. Its overall goal is to acquire the measurements needed to improve the parameteri­ ations of key processes and to integrate new and improved parameteriza­ z tions into general circulation and climate models.
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From page 325...
... Based on its three main hypotheses on the roles of convection-environment interaction, evolution of cloud population, and air-sea interaction, DYNAMO's intensive sounding and radar arrays over the central equatorial Indian Ocean collected data from October 2011 to February 2012, and its broad sounding network continued data collection until March 2012. Sixteen countries participated in DYNAMO with four research vessels, two airplanes, rive special ground stations, and several sites of enhanced radiosondes.
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From page 326...
... , which will deploy a polar research vessel starting in newly formed Arctic sea ice around September 2018, and drifting with the ice over the course of a year, to study a full annual cycle of coupled atmosphere-ice-ocean-biogeo­ hemical c system processes. Other observational activities will include intensive observing p ­ eriods (IOPs)
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From page 327...
... An array of buoys measures wave heights and ice mass balance. A goal of the project is to improve estimates of wavefloe interactions and develop methods of modeling the sea ice floe size distributions.
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Key Terms

  • sea ice
  • international field
  • asian monsoon
  • countries participated
  • research aircraft

  • research vessels
  • climate models
  • intensive observing
  • energy budget
  • ground stations

  • observing networks
  • toga coare
  • surface energy
  • numerical models
  • socioeconomic impacts

  • floe size
  • monsoon region
  • annual cycle
  • supercooled liquid
  • southern ocean

  • sheba data
  • field campaigns
  • west african
  • cloud microphysics
  • african monsoon

  • major international
  • mass balance
  • data assimilation
  • five countries
  • special observing


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