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From page 26... ... 26 CHAPTER 3 EFFECTS OF SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE ON CONCRETE PAVEMENTS DESCRIPTION OF LTPP EXPERIMENT SPS-2 The SPS-2 experiment (Strategic Study of Structural Factors for Rigid Pavements) was designed to assess the influence of the following factors on the performance of jointed concrete pavements: • Concrete thickness, • Concrete flexural strength, • Base type, • Lane width, • Subdrainage, • Climate, • Subgrade, and • Truck traffic level. Read the entire page →
From page 27... ... and the 1-year, 1-hour rainfall for nearly all of the SPS-1 and SPS-2 sites. The exceptions are the three SPS-1 sites closest to the Gulf coast (Texas, Louisiana, and Florida) Read the entire page →
From page 28... ... The presence of filter fabric below the permeable asphalttreated base in the SPS-2 test sections designed to be drained is summarized in Table 28. This summary is based on information in the TST_L05B and SPS2_LAYER data tables and the LTPP regional support centers' responses to an LTPP Data Analysis/Operations Feedback Report (KTH-2, 11 June 2002) Read the entire page →
From page 29... ... 29 Figure 5. SPS-2 sites. Read the entire page →
From page 30... ... received more than double the ESALs that the SPS-1 sites have received. SPS-2 Construction Some information on construction of the SPS-2 sites is available in the construction reports prepared by the LTPP regional support centers. Read the entire page →
From page 31... ... 31 32 48 64 80 0 21 42 63 Mean annual precipitation (inches) Read the entire page →
From page 32... ... in Appendix A) Read the entire page →
From page 33... ... 33 SHRP ID State Problem or Deviation 040200 AZ Cracking developed immediately in the PCC1 surfacing in those sections placed over the LCB2. This only occurred in the passing lane. Read the entire page →
From page 34... ... North Carolina, and North Dakota sites, no mention of these installations is made in the construction deviation reports. Construction deviation reports are not available for the California, Ohio, and Michigan sites, among others. Read the entire page →
From page 35... ... • Michigan 0213 and 0220 -- Design plans show no outlets planned for these sections. No as-built records are available to confirm whether or not these outlets are present. Read the entire page →
From page 36... ... to mark on either occasion. However, Wisconsin DOT personnel, and a research team member who visited the site, confirm that the outlets are present.] Read the entire page →
From page 37... ... of drainage on pavement performance in the SPS-2 experiment, holding concrete slab thickness, strength, and width constant: (A) Undrained dense-graded aggregate (AGG) Read the entire page →
From page 38... ... with the information about the subjective ratings of drainage functioning (Table 32) Read the entire page →
From page 39... ... Effect of Drainage on Concrete Pavement Roughness (IRI) Development For each SPS-2 site, IRI data were extracted from the MON_PROFILE_MASTER table in the LTPP database. Read the entire page →
From page 40... ... IRI Difference in IRI AGG PATB Age, years Drainage functioning All Good Poor Site 0201 0209 CA 06 -- -1 -- - -- - -- - DE 10 0.355 0.061 3.19 P2 0.294 0.294 KS 20 0.538 0.006 8.17 G3 0.532 0.532 NV 32 1.172 0.192 3.97 G 0.980 0.980 NC 37 0.214 0.046 4.04 P 0.168 0.168 OH 39 0.205 0.093 4.01 X4 WA 53 0.142 0.106 4.61 G 0.036 0.036 Site 0202 0210 CA 06 -- - -- - -- - -- - DE 10 0.122 0.072 3.19 G 0.050 0.050 KS 20 -0.013 0.060 8.17 G -0.073 -0.073 NV 32 0.621 0.096 0.82 G 0.525 0.525 NC 37 0.050 0.110 4.04 P -0.060 -0.060 OH 39 0.248 0.089 4.01 X WA 53 0.027 0.239 4.61 G -0.212 -0.212 Site 0203 0211 CA 06 -- - -- - -- - -- - DE 10 -0.042 0.033 3.19 P -0.075 -0.075 KS 20 0.007 0.094 8.17 G -0.087 -0.087 NV 32 0.205 0.311 3.97 G -0.106 -0.106 NC 37 0.116 -0.024 4.04 P 0.140 0.140 OH 39 -0.067 -0.034 4.01 X WA 53 0.061 -0.023 4.61 G 0.084 0.084 Site 0204 0212 CA 06 -- - -- - -- - -- - DE 10 0.073 0.050 3.19 G 0.023 0.023 KS 20 -0.167 -0.023 8.17 G -0.144 -0.144 NV 32 0.420 0.288 3.97 ? Read the entire page →
From page 41... ... IRI Difference in IRI LCB PATB Age, years Drainage functioning All Good Poor Site 0205 0209 CA 06 -- -1 -- - -- - -- - DE 10 0.144 0.061 3.19 P2 0.083 0.083 KS 20 0.177 0.006 8.17 G3 0.171 0.171 NV 32 0.298 0.192 3.97 G 0.106 0.106 NC 37 0.156 0.046 4.04 X4 OH 39 0.123 0.093 4.01 X WA 53 0.019 0.106 4.61 G -0.087 -0.087 Site 0206 0210 CA 06 -- - -- - -- - -- - DE 10 0.124 0.072 3.19 G 0.052 0.052 KS 20 0.070 0.060 8.17 G 0.010 0.010 NV 32 0.122 0.096 0.82 G 0.026 0.026 NC 37 0.038 0.110 4.04 P -0.072 -0.072 OH 39 0.180 0.089 4.01 X WA 53 1.005 0.239 4.61 G 0.766 0.766 Site 0207 0211 CA 06 -- - -- - -- - -- - DE 10 0.029 0.033 3.19 P -0.004 -0.004 KS 20 0.097 0.094 8.17 G 0.003 0.003 NV 32 0.222 0.311 3.97 G -0.089 -0.089 NC 37 0.036 -0.024 4.04 P 0.060 0.060 OH 39 0.060 -0.034 4.01 X WA 53 0.134 -0.023 4.61 G 0.157 0.157 Site 0208 0212 CA 06 -- - -- - -- - -- - DE 10 0.013 0.050 3.19 G -0.037 -0.037 KS 20 0.084 -0.023 8.17 G 0.107 0.107 NV 32 0.013 0.288 3.97 ? Read the entire page →
From page 42... ... There were very few SPS-2 pavement sections with corner breaks, and there were almost never more than one or two corner breaks in the test section. Thus, the number of corner breaks in each section where they occurred was multiplied by 2 meters, and added to the total length of transverse cracking in meters. Read the entire page →
From page 43... ... Base Type AGG PATB Difference Drained N Y Age, years Drainage functioning All Good Poor CA 06 -- -1 -- - -- - -- - DE 10 0 0 4.11 P2 0 0 KS 20 3 0 4.82 G3 3 3 NV 32 85 1 5.64 G 84 84 NC 37 0 0 6.26 P 0 0 OH 39 0 0 4.51 X4 WA 53 0 0 4.52 G 0 0 CA 06 -- - -- - -- - -- - DE 10 0 0 4.11 G 0 0 KS 20 1 0 4.82 G 1 1 NV 32 153 58 1.75 G 95 95 NC 37 0 0 6.26 P 0 0 OH 39 6 0 4.51 X WA 53 0 0 4.52 G 0 0 CA 06 -- - -- - -- - -- - DE 10 0 0 4.11 P 0 0 KS 20 0 0 4.82 G 0 0 NV 32 423 11 5.64 G 412 412 NC 37 0 0 6.26 P 0 0 OH 39 0 0 4.51 X WA 53 0 0 4.52 G 0 0 CA 06 -- - -- - -- - -- - DE 10 0 0 4.11 G 0 0 KS 20 0 0 4.82 G 0 0 NV 32 42 -- - 5.64 -- - NC 37 0 0 6.26 P 0 0 OH 39 4 0 4.51 X WA 53 0 0 4.52 G 0 0 AZ 04 0 0 6.45 G 0 0 AR 05 2 0 4.66 P 2 2 CO 08 0 0 6.55 G 0 0 IA 19 0 0 5.19 P 0 0 MI 26 13 0 5.01 X ND 38 0 0 5.71 G 0 0 WI 55 -- - -- - -- - -- - AZ 04 0 0 6.45 G 0 0 AR 05 0 0 4.66 P 0 0 CO 08 0 0 6.55 P 0 0 IA 19 0 0 5.19 P 0 0 MI 26 0 0 5.96 ? Read the entire page →
From page 44... ... Base Type LCB PATB Difference Drained N Y Age, years Drainage functioning All Good Poor Site 0205 0209 CA 06 -- -1 -- - -- - -- - DE 10 29 0 4.11 P2 29 29 KS 20 0 0 7.33 G3 0 0 NV 32 234 1 5.64 G 233 233 NC 37 6 0 6.26 X4 OH 39 26 0 4.51 X WA 53 1 0 4.52 G 1 1 Site 0206 0210 CA 06 -- - -- - -- - -- - DE 10 0 0 4.11 G 0 0 KS 20 0 0 7.33 G 0 0 NV 32 253 58 1.75 G 195 195 NC 37 0 0 6.26 P 0 0 OH 39 0 0 2.94 X WA 53 10 0 4.52 G 10 10 Site 0207 0211 CA 06 -- - -- - -- - -- - DE 10 0 0 4.11 P 0 0 KS 20 0 0 7.33 G 0 0 NV 32 36 11 5.64 G 25 25 NC 37 0 0 6.26 P 0 0 OH 39 0 0 4.51 X WA 53 2 0 4.52 G 2 2 Site 0208 0212 CA 06 -- - -- - -- - -- - DE 10 0 0 4.11 G 0 0 KS 20 0 0 7.33 G 0 0 NV 32 118 -- - 5.64 -- - NC 37 0 0 6.26 P 0 0 OH 39 0 0 4.51 X WA 53 0 0 4.52 G 0 0 Site 0217 0221 AZ 04 12 0 6.45 G 12 12 AR 05 0 0 4.66 P 0 0 CO 08 0 0 6.55 G 0 0 IA 19 13 0 5.19 P 13 13 MI 26 0 0 3.56 P 0 0 ND 38 17 0 5.71 G 17 17 WI 55 -- - -- - -- - -- - Site 0218 0222 AZ 04 16 0 6.45 G 16 16 AR 05 37 0 4.66 X CO 08 4 0 6.55 P 4 4 IA 19 0 0 5.19 P 0 0 MI 26 44 0 1.59 ? Read the entire page →
From page 45... ... Base Type AGG PATB Difference Drained N Y Age, years Drainage functioning All Good Poor Site 0201 0209 CA 06 -- -1 -- - -- - -- - DE 10 0 0 4.11 P2 0 0 KS 20 8 0 4.82 G53 8 8 NV 32 119 4 5.64 G 115 115 NC 37 0 0 6.26 P 0 0 OH 39 0 0 4.51 X4 WA 53 0 0 4.52 G 0 0 Site 0202 0210 CA 06 -- - -- - -- - -- - DE 10 0 0 4.11 G 0 0 KS 20 0 0 4.82 G 0 0 NV 32 339 12 1.75 G 327 327 NC 37 0 0 6.26 P 0 0 OH 39 0 0 4.51 X WA 53 0 0 4.52 G 0 0 Site 0203 0211 CA 06 -- - -- - -- - -- - DE 10 0 0 4.11 P 0 0 KS 20 0 0 4.82 G 0 0 NV 32 206 9 5.64 G 197 197 NC 37 0 0 6.26 P 0 0 OH 39 0 0 4.51 X WA 53 0 0 4.52 G 0 0 Site 0204 0212 CA 06 -- - -- - -- - -- - DE 10 0 0 4.11 G 0 0 KS 20 0 0 4.82 G 0 0 NV 32 0 -- - 5.64 -- - NC 37 0 0 6.26 P 0 0 OH 39 0 0 4.51 X WA 53 0 0 4.52 G 0 0 Site 0213 0221 AZ 04 8 3 6.45 G 5 5 AR 05 53 0 4.66 P 53 53 CO 08 0 3 6.55 G -3 -3 IA 19 0 0 5.19 P 0 0 MI 26 0 0 5.01 X ND 38 0 0 5.71 G 0 0 WI 55 -- - -- - -- - -- - Site 0214 0222 AZ 04 0 3 6.45 G -3 -3 AR 05 0 0 4.66 P 0 0 CO 08 0 1 6.55 P -1 -1 IA 19 0 7 5.19 P -7 -7 MI 26 0 0 5.96 ? Read the entire page →
From page 46... ... Base Type LCB PATB Difference Drained N Y Age, years Drainage functioning All Good Poor Site 0205 0209 CA 06 -- -1 -- - -- - -- - DE 10 6 0 4.11 P2 6 6 KS 20 0 0 7.33 G3 0 0 NV 32 271 4 5.64 G 267 267 NC 37 1 0 6.26 X4 OH 39 0 0 4.51 X WA 53 0 0 4.52 G 0 0 Site 0206 0210 CA 06 -- - -- - -- - -- - DE 10 0 0 4.11 G 0 0 KS 20 2 0 7.33 G 2 2 NV 32 273 12 1.75 G 261 261 NC 37 0 0 6.26 P 0 0 OH 39 21 0 2.94 X WA 53 2 0 4.52 G 2 2 Site 0207 0211 CA 06 -- - -- - -- - -- - DE 10 45 0 4.11 P 45 45 KS 20 0 0 7.33 G 0 0 NV 32 35 9 5.64 G 26 26 NC 37 0 0 6.26 P 0 0 OH 39 0 0 4.51 X WA 53 0 0 4.52 G 0 0 Site 0208 0212 CA 06 -- - -- - -- - -- - DE 10 0 0 4.11 G 0 0 KS 20 0 0 7.33 G 0 0 NV 32 33 -- - 5.64 -- - NC 37 0 0 6.26 P 0 0 OH 39 0 0 4.51 X WA 53 0 0 4.52 G 0 0 Site 0217 0221 AZ 04 12 3 6.45 G 9 9 AR 05 50 0 4.66 P 50 50 CO 08 13 3 6.55 G 10 10 IA 19 0 0 5.19 P 0 0 MI 26 6 0 3.56 P 6 6 ND 38 43 0 5.71 G 43 43 WI 55 -- - -- - -- - -- - Site 0218 0222 AZ 04 15 3 6.45 G 12 12 AR 05 37 0 4.66 X CO 08 0 1 6.55 P -1 -1 IA 19 0 7 5.19 P -7 -7 MI 26 20 0 1.59 ? Read the entire page →
From page 47... ... SPS-2 site, which had a great many problems with slab cracking during and soon after construction. Table 37 shows the comparisons of undrained aggregate base (AGG) Read the entire page →

From page 26...

... 26 CHAPTER 3 EFFECTS OF SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE ON CONCRETE PAVEMENTS DESCRIPTION OF LTPP EXPERIMENT SPS-2 The SPS-2 experiment (Strategic Study of Structural Factors for Rigid Pavements) was designed to assess the influence of the following factors on the performance of jointed concrete pavements: • Concrete thickness, • Concrete flexural strength, • Base type, • Lane width, • Subdrainage, • Climate, • Subgrade, and • Truck traffic level.