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From page 114... ... Final Report B-1 Appendix B: Annotated Bibliography Ahmed, S.M., Lemkau, J.P., Nealeigh, N., Mann, B., Barriers to Healthcare Access in a NonElderly Urban Poor American Population, Health and Social Care in the Community, 9:445-53, 2001. This study focuses on urban poor under age 65 in Dayton, Ohio, considering barriers between working and non-working poor to healthcare access. Read the entire page →
From page 115... ... Final Report B-2 American Public Transportation Association, Americans in Transit, 1992. http://www.apta.com/research/stats/ridershp/income.cfm Americans in Transit study is an older survey of public transit officials to determine rider statistics. Read the entire page →
From page 116... ... Final Report B-3 The report also profiles two communities that increased access to healthcare through public transportation: Mitchell, South Dakota area (pop. Read the entire page →
From page 117... ... Final Report B-4 Anderson, G., The Cost and Prevalence of Chronic Conditions are Increasing. A Response is Overdue, Expert Voices, Issue 4, January 2002. Read the entire page →
From page 118... ... Final Report B-5 of the AIDS patients surveyed used the transportation service offered. Table 5 shows the relationship between receiving ancillary services and retention in primary care. Read the entire page →
From page 119... ... Final Report B-6 Bailey, L., Aging Americans: Stranded Without Options, Surface Transportation Policy Project, April 2004. http://www.transact.org/report.asp? Read the entire page →
From page 120... ... Final Report B-7 • Rural communities and sprawling suburbs; • Households with no car; • Older African-Americans, Latinos and Asian-Americans. • Older non-drivers have a decreased ability to participate in the community and the economy. Read the entire page →
From page 121... ... Final Report B-8 Baren, J., Shofer, F.S., Ivey, B., Reinhard, S., DeGeus, J., Stahmer, S.A., Panettieri R, Hollander, J.E., A Randomized, Controlled Trial of a Simple Emergency Department Intervention to Improve the Rate of Primary Care Follow-up for Patients With Acute Asthma Exacerbations, Annals of Emergency Medicine, 38: 115-122, 2001. Study of whether an intervention in the emergency department impacts the rate of follow-up over a 4-week window with primary care physicians (PCP) Read the entire page →
From page 122... ... Final Report B-9 Bayliss, E.A., Steiner, J.F., Fernald, D.H., Crane, L.A., Main, D.S., Descriptions of Barriers to Self-Care by Persons with Comorbid Chronic Diseases, Annals of Family Medicine, 1:15-21, 2003. This article presents the results of interviews with 16 patients with at least 2 comorbid chronic diseases in urban areas to determine the barriers to self-care. Read the entire page →
From page 123... ... Final Report B-10 Beland, F., Lemay A., Boucher, M., Patterns of Visits to Hospital-Based Emergency Rooms, Social Science Medicine, 47: 165-179, 1998. This article attempts to understand the patterns of emergency room (ER) Read the entire page →
From page 124... ... Final Report B-11 Bishaw, A., Iceland, J., Poverty: 1999, Census 2000 Brief, 2003. www.census.gov This is a Census 2000 Brief produced by the U.S. Read the entire page →
From page 125... ... Final Report B-12 Read the entire page →
From page 126... ... Final Report B-13 Brown, D.M., Public Transportation on the Move in Rural America, Economic Research Services, Department of Agriculture, 2004. http://www.nal.usda.gov/ric/ricpubs/publictrans.htm This is a policy brief in response to 2004 Congressional reauthorization opportunities on the benefits of public transportation services in rural areas. Read the entire page →
From page 127... ... Final Report B-14 Burkhardt, J.E., Hedrick, J.L., McGavock, A.T., Assessment of the Economic Impacts of Rural Public Transportation, TCRP Report 34, Transportation Research Board, 1998. This document provides guidance to decision makers and transit authorities on the economic impacts of rural public transportation, both in the costs of running a system and in the financial benefits created for a community. Read the entire page →
From page 128... ... Final Report B-15 experienced an 11% average net economic growth compared to those counties without public transportation. This document provides a useful guide in assessing transportation costs and benefits. Read the entire page →
From page 129... ... Final Report B-16 Burkhardt, J., McGavock, A.T., Nelson, C.A., Improving Public Transit Options for Older Persons, TCRP Report 82, Transportation Research Board, 2002. This book focuses on public transportation and how the services rendered fit the demand from the senior population. Read the entire page →
From page 130... ... Final Report B-17 A paper on multiple chronic health conditions and the higher utilization and medical error associated with these 60 million Americans. Electronic Health Records offer great potential in coordinating care and enhancing communication to reduce errors and lower utilization. Read the entire page →
From page 131... ... Final Report B-18 Clancy, C.M., Andresen, E.M., Meeting the Health Care Needs of Persons with Disabilities, Milbank Quarterly, 80: 381-391, 2002. This is a qualitative article on the challenges of patients with disabilities in accessing health care. Read the entire page →
From page 132... ... Final Report B-19 Community Transportation Association of America, Medical Transportation Tool Kit and Best Practices, Washington, DC, January 2001. This document contains step-by-step guidance on community transportation services designed to provide non-emergency medical transportation, either provided by state or community funding or through special local programs. Read the entire page →
From page 133... ... Final Report B-20 Coughlin, J., Transportation And Older Persons: Perceptions and Preferences, A Report on Focus Groups, AARP Public Policy Institute, 2001. This report details the results of focus groups and interviews with non-institionalized adults over age 75 regarding their perceptions and preferences for transportation. Read the entire page →
From page 134... ... Final Report B-21 Daly, J., Sindone, A.P., Thompson, D.R., Hancock, K., Chang, E., Davidson, P., Barriers to Participation in and Adherence to Cardiac Rehabilitation Program: A Critical Literature Review, Progress in Cardiovascular Nursing, 17:8-17, 2002. This is a review of the literature on patients who do not attend cardiac rehabilitation programs. Read the entire page →
From page 135... ... Final Report B-22 Read the entire page →
From page 136... ... Final Report B-23 Read the entire page →
From page 137... ... Final Report B-24 Davidson, P.L., Andersen, R.M., Wyn, R., Brown, E.R., A Framework for Evaluating SafetyNet and Other Community-Level Factors on Access for Low-Income Populations, Inquiry, 41: 21-38, 2004. This paper presents a policy-oriented framework for assessing individual and community level factors that impact access to safety net healthcare services. Read the entire page →
From page 138... ... Final Report B-25 Read the entire page →
From page 139... ... Final Report B-26 Davidson, R.A., Giancola, A., Gast, A., Ho, Janice, Waddell, R., Evaluation of Access, A Primary Care Program for Indigent Patients: Inpatient and Emergency Room Utilization, Journal of Community Health, 28: 59-64, 2003. This study assesses the impact on utilization given a free primary care program is made available to 91 low-income, chronically ill, Florida patients. Read the entire page →
From page 140... ... Final Report B-27 Dewees, S., Transportation in Rural Communities: Strategies for Serving Welfare Participants and Low-Income Individuals, Rural Welfare Issue Brief, April 2000. This issue brief describes transportation challenges for low-income rural dwellers. Read the entire page →
From page 141... ... Final Report B-28 Figure 1. Average Length of Stay for Asthma Inpatients by Service Figure 3. Read the entire page →
From page 142... ... Final Report B-29 This is a survey of 203 urban Latino parents bringing children into the Pediatric Latino Clinic at the Boston Medical Center from February 1996 to February 1997 regarding their children's healthcare experiences prior to attending the Pediatric Latino Clinic. The single greatest barrier to access to care for Latino children is a language barrier; however transportation was cited as the greatest barrier by 6% of parents surveyed. Read the entire page →
From page 143... ... Final Report B-30 Friedhoff, S.G., Intensive Case Management of High-Risk Patients in a Family Medicine Residency Setting, Journal of the American Board of Family Practitioners, 12:264-269, 1999. From January to April, 1998, 19 high risk patients in a family medicine residency practice in Mount Holly, New Jersey, were moved into the case management intervention group. Read the entire page →
From page 144... ... Final Report B-31 Friedmann, P.D., Lemon, S.C., Stein, M.D., Transportation and Retention in Outpatient Drug Abuse Treatment Programs, Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 21:97-103, 2001. This is a study using data from the Drug Abuse Treatment Outcomes Study (sample size of 1144 patients in an outpatient methadone clinic and 2031 in an outpatient drug-free clinic) Read the entire page →
From page 145... ... Final Report B-32 Glick, H., Cook, J., Kinosian, B., Pitt, B., Bourassa, M.G., Pouleur, H and Gerth W Read the entire page →
From page 146... ... Final Report B-33 Gresenz, C.R., Rogowski, J.A., Escarce, J.J., Health Care Markets, the Safety Net and Access to Care Among the Uninsured, 2004, Cambridge, MA: NBER Working Papers 10799. This article analyzes data on healthcare markets, utilization, and the uninsured using the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Read the entire page →
From page 147... ... Final Report B-34 Health and Retirement Study, University of Michigan Institute for Social Research, http:/hrsonline.isr.umich.edu According to the website: The University of Michigan Health and Retirement Study (HRS) surveys more than 22,000 Americans over the age of 50 every two years. Read the entire page →
From page 148... ... Final Report B-35 access to public transportation by neighborhood was through the American Housing Survey. Information on spending and fare revenue for public transit systems was through the National Transit Database. Read the entire page →
From page 149... ... Final Report B-36 • In four of the county's six neighborhoods, no residents have transit access to a hospital. • In Monument Corridor neighborhood in Concord, residents suffer from 0% transit access to hospitals and only 1% access to clinics, despite the presence of facilities nearby. Read the entire page →
From page 150... ... Final Report B-37 Institute of Medicine, Unequal Treatment: What Healthcare Providers Need to Know about Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 2002. Read the entire page →
From page 151... ... Final Report B-38 Karter, A.J., Parker, M.M., Moffet, H.H., Ahmed, A.T., Ferrara, A., Liu, J.Y., Selby, J.V., Missed Appointments and Poor Glycemic Control, An Opportunity to Identify High-Risk Diabetic Patients, Medical Care, 42:110-115, 2004. A study of missed appointments and glycemic control/diabetes self management in the 84,040 members of the Kaiser Permanente Northern California Diabetes Registry during 2000. Read the entire page →
From page 152... ... Final Report B-39 Kaye, H.S., Mobility Device Use in the United States, Report #14, National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research, 2000. This report contains national information on current trends in disability and device use based on the results of the National Health Interview Survey. Read the entire page →
From page 153... ... Final Report B-40 Kenagy, G.P., Linsk, N.L., Bruce, D., Warnecke, R., Gordon, A., Wagaw, F., Densham, A., Service Utilization, Service Barriers, and Gender Among HIV-Positive Consumers in Primary Care, AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 17: 235-244, 2003. Study of AIDS/HIV primary care beneficiaries of the Ryan White CARE Act in Chicago to determine the utilization and barriers for primary care services. Read the entire page →
From page 154... ... Final Report B-41 Table 2. Percentage of Sample Unable to Obtain Services Because of Cost Kindig, D Read the entire page →
From page 155... ... Final Report B-42 Kulkarni, M., Fact Sheet: Medicaid Transportation Services, National Health Law Program, June 2000. http://www.healthlaw.org/pubs/200006FactSheet_trans.html This is a fact sheet on what the Medicaid program is required by law to provide Americans. Read the entire page →
From page 156... ... Final Report B-43 Larson, S.L., Machlin, S.R., Nixon, A., Zodet, M., Health Care in Urban and Rural Areas, Combined Years 1998-2000. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD. Read the entire page →
From page 157... ... Final Report B-44 Lo, W., MacGovern, T., Bradford, J., Association of Ancillary Services With Primary Care Utilization and Retention for Patients With HIV/AIDS, AIDS Care, 14: S45-S57, 2002. A study of 999 patients of Boston's Fenway Community Health Center from 1997 to 1998 to assess HIV and AIDS patients use of support services and subsequent utilization and primary care retention rates. Read the entire page →
From page 158... ... Final Report B-45 Long, S.K., Coughlin, T.A., Kendall, S.J., Access to Care Among Disabled Adults on Medicaid, Health Care Financing Review; 23: 159-174, 2002. This article explores in more detail the access issues for disabled Medicaid beneficiaries based on disability subgroups among adult Social Security beneficiaries in New York City from 19992000. Read the entire page →
From page 159... ... Final Report B-46 Luce, B R., Zangwill, K Read the entire page →
From page 160... ... Final Report B-47 pregnant women are unlikely to access healthcare if transportation services are unavailable or unreliable. McCray, T., Promoting the Journey to Health: Healthcare Access and Transportation in Rural South Africa, University of Michigan, Ph.D. Read the entire page →
From page 161... ... Final Report B-48 Milliman Care Guidelines, www.careguidelines.com This is a commercial product designed to support clinical healthcare providers by providing evidence-based practices at the point of care. The Care Guidelines cover inpatient and outpatient services, as well as home care, long-term care, and other specialty services. Read the entire page →
From page 162... ... Final Report B-49 MMWR, Facilitating Influenza and Pneumococcal Vaccination Through Standing Orders Programs, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 52: 68-69, 2003. This is an update of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) Read the entire page →
From page 163... ... Final Report B-50 Moran, C.M., Hletko, P., Darden, P.M., Reigart, J.R., Transportation: A Barrier to Health Care for Rural Children? The eJournal of the South Carolina Medical Association, 99:261-268, 2003. Read the entire page →
From page 164... ... Final Report B-51 Read the entire page →
From page 165... ... Final Report B-52 Mulder, P.L., Shellenberger, S., Streiegel, R., Jumper-Thurman, P., Danda, C.E., Kenkel, M.B., Constantine, M.G., Sears, S.F.Jr., Kalodner, M., Hager, A., The Behavioral Health Care Needs of Rural Women, Report Of The Rural Women's Work Group and the Committee on Rural Health Of the American Psychological Association, September 2000. www.apa.org/rural/ruralwomen.pdf. Read the entire page →
From page 166... ... Final Report B-53 Read the entire page →
From page 167... ... Final Report B-54 Nichol, K.L., Mallon, K P., Mendelman, P Read the entire page →
From page 168... ... Final Report B-55 O'Connell, L., Grossardt, T., Siria, B., Marchand, S., McDorman, M., Efficiency Through Accountability: Some Lessons from Kentucky's Improved Medicaid Transit Service, Journal of Transportation and Statistics, 5: 73-81, 2002. This is an evaluation of Kentucky's 1998 reform of its Medicaid non-emergency medical transit program through interviews with transit providers and Medicaid beneficiaries. Read the entire page →
From page 169... ... Final Report B-56 O'Day, B., Dautel, P., Scheer, J., Barriers to Healthcare for People with Mobility Impairments, Managed Care Quarterly 10:41-57, 2002. Fifty-seven working age disabled people discuss barriers to quality, access, and payment in focus groups and interviews. Read the entire page →
From page 170... ... Final Report B-57 Pagano, A.M., How Effective is Computer-Assisted Scheduling and Dispatching in Paratransit? 1760, Paper No. Read the entire page →
From page 171... ... Final Report B-58 Partnership for Solutions, Asthma: The Impact of Multiple Chronic Conditions, August 2004. www.partnershipforsolutions.org. Read the entire page →
From page 172... ... Final Report B-59 Read the entire page →
From page 173... ... Final Report B-60 Read the entire page →
From page 174... ... Final Report B-61 Paul, J., Hanna, J.B., Applying the Marketing Concept in Health Care: The No-Show Problem, Health Marketing Quarterly, 14:3-18, 1997. An economic analysis of missed appointments and how the marketing concept can effectively be applied. Read the entire page →
From page 175... ... Final Report B-62 Phelps, K., Taylor, C., Kimmel, S., Nagel, R., Klein, W., Puczynski, S., Factors Associated with Emergency Department Utilization for Nonurgent Pediatric Problems, Archives of Family Medicine, 9: 1086-1092, 2000. This is a survey administered to caretakers who brought children into the emergency room (ER) Read the entire page →
From page 176... ... Final Report B-63 Rimmer, J.H., Silverman, K., Braunschweig, C., Quinn, L., Liu, Y., Feasibility of a Health Promotion Intervention for a Group of Predominantly African American Women With Type 2 Diabetes, The Diabetes Educator, 28:571-581, 2002. This is a study of the impact of a health promotion intervention on 30 African American urban women with type 2 diabetes and co morbidities. Read the entire page →
From page 177... ... Final Report B-64 Ritter, A.S., Straight, A., Evans, E., Understanding Senior Transportation: Report and Analysis of a Survey of Consumers 50+, AARP Public Policy Institute, April 2002. This is a report produced by the AARP Public Policy Institute that describes the transportation utilization and demand among Americans over 50. Read the entire page →
From page 178... ... Final Report B-65 Study on survey data of 1083 low-income, non-institutionalized elderly attending a daytime meal program in three south Florida metropolitan areas. Most of the elderly relied on public transportation to gain access to health services, which was a barrier to healthcare. Read the entire page →
From page 179... ... Final Report B-66 Rosenbloom, S., Transportation Needs of the Elderly Population, Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, 9:297-310, 1993. This article is a qualitative discussion of elderly dependence on the car as the primary means of transportation. Read the entire page →
From page 180... ... Final Report B-67 conditions preclude use and that provider office and medical equipment vendors are not on transit routes. Paratransit services eliminate these problems but require advance scheduling, which is not practical if a patient requires immediate care. Read the entire page →
From page 181... ... Final Report B-68 Schoen, C., Osborn, R., Huynh, P.T., Doty, M., Davis, K, Zapert, K., Peugh, J., Primary Care and Health System Performance: Adults' Experiences in Five Countries, Health Affairs Web Exclusive, W487-503, 2004. This article compares the results of the 2004 Commonwealth Fund International Health Policy Survey on primary care experience of patients in the United States, United Kingdom, New Zealand, Australia, and Canada. Read the entire page →
From page 182... ... Final Report B-69 Schweitzer, L., Valenzuela Jr., A., Environmental Injustice and Transportation: The Claims and the Evidence, Journal of Planning Literature, 18: 383, 2004. This article creates a framework for evaluating whether transportation policy has put poor and minority communities at a disadvantage through unjust environmental damage. Read the entire page →
From page 183... ... Final Report B-70 Sipe, W.E.,Wei, M.C., Roth, E.J., Chi, G.W., Naidu, S.K., Samuels, R.C., Barriers to Access: A Transportation Survey in an Urban Pediatric Practice, General Pediatrics and Preventive Pediatrics: Miscellaneous - Poster Session I, 2004 Pediatric Academic Society's Annual Meeting, May 2004. This poster discusses the results of a survey administered to patients of a hospital based urban pediatric clinic regarding their transportation options. Read the entire page →
From page 184... ... Final Report B-71 Specht, E.M., Bourguet, C.C., Predictors of Nonattendance at the First Newborn Health Supervision Visit, Clinical Pediatrics, 33: 273-279, 1994. 319 infant notes from the Continuity Care Clinic in Ohio showed relative risk of nonattendance at the first newborn visit was highest for multiparous mothers, women with no telephone, and unmarried teen mothers. Read the entire page →
From page 185... ... Final Report B-72 State of Illinois, Office of Inspector General, Non-Emergency Medical Transportation Reviews, 99-0269, December 1999. This document reviews the non-emergency medical transportation services in the state of Illinois. Read the entire page →
From page 186... ... Final Report B-73 Thorpe, K E., Florence, C Read the entire page →
From page 187... ... Final Report B-74 United States Department of Commerce, Office of Technology Assessment, Health Care in Rural America, Report Number OTA-H- 434, September 1990. This is an older report on both the access and barriers that exist for rural Americans in utilization of health care. Read the entire page →
From page 188... ... Final Report B-75 The majority of health care providers use the Healthy People guidelines to set goals to bring the public health of the nation up. These goals are described in this publication and provide guidance on standards that healthy people should achieve in terms of utilization of care and health outcomes. Read the entire page →
From page 189... ... Final Report B-76 United States Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Highlights of the 2001 National Household Travel Survey, BTS03-05, Washington DC, 2003. The National Household Travel Survey of is administered to 26,000 households regarding their travel behavior. Read the entire page →
From page 190... ... Final Report B-77 United States General Accounting Office, Mass Transit: FTA Needs to Better Define and Assess Impact of Certain Policies on New Starts Program, GAO-04-748, June 2004. Report on how the FTA makes funding decisions. Read the entire page →
From page 191... ... Final Report B-78 Read the entire page →
From page 192... ... Final Report B-79 United States General Accounting Office, Transportation-Disadvantaged Populations: Some Coordination Efforts Among Programs Providing Transportation Services but Obstacles Persist, GAO-03-697, June 2003. This report discusses the federal programs that exist to provide transportation services. Read the entire page →
From page 193... ... Final Report B-80 This report follows-up on the 2003 Transportation Disadvantaged report by the GAO. Results showed positive coordination efforts, but obstacles still remained. Read the entire page →
From page 194... ... Final Report B-81 substantially to overall customer satisfaction. In addition, the study also showed that transit system characteristics also contribute to overall customer satisfaction, especially to satisfaction with the trips-scheduling process, meaning that technological and other system enhancements have ample potential to improve customer satisfaction, but that this potential is limited in part by characteristics of the customers. Read the entire page →
From page 195... ... Final Report B-82 Wittenburg, D., Favreault, M., Safety Net or Tangled Web? An Overview of Programs and Services for Adults with Disabilities, Occasional Paper No. Read the entire page →
From page 196... ... Final Report B-83 Table 3. Association Between Perceived Barriers and Underimmunization Univariate Analysis Overall Adjusted* Read the entire page →
From page 197... ... Final Report B-84 intervention group had appointments scheduled during the ER visit. Transportation barriers were mentioned in the discussion. Read the entire page →

From page 114...

... Final Report B-1 Appendix B: Annotated Bibliography Ahmed, S.M., Lemkau, J.P., Nealeigh, N., Mann, B., Barriers to Healthcare Access in a NonElderly Urban Poor American Population, Health and Social Care in the Community, 9:445-53, 2001. This study focuses on urban poor under age 65 in Dayton, Ohio, considering barriers between working and non-working poor to healthcare access.