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From page 174... ... Page 8-1 CHAPTER 8: TASK 6 -- AIR CARGO FACILITY REQUIREMENTS CHAPTER OVERVIEW The scope of work for this subtask sought to link industry trends with their effect on air cargo facilities planning metrics. Task One of this study provided an overview of the air cargo industry and recent trends and subsequent tasks similarly provided foundation for this subtask. Read the entire page →
From page 175... ... Page 8-2 cargo facilities were built versus the present dominance by integrated carriers necessarily affects expectations for warehouse utilization. That change would be less evidenced by changes within the utilization matrix than in how market shares have been reapportioned between types of carriers. Read the entire page →
From page 176... ... Page 8-3 previously mentioned, the air cargo marketplace offers a wide variety of systems ranging from fairly basic, to a dizzying array of technical sophistication. Each has their place, form, and function. Read the entire page →
From page 177... ... Page 8-4 Figure 8-2 FedEx Express Sorting System. (SOURCE: Lynxs Group.) Read the entire page →
From page 178... ... Page 8-5 ETV – The ETV lifts and carries aircraft ULD containers between the floor level working and transfer environment and storage positions in the CSS structure above. ETVs work best in warehouses where the cargo arrives off trucks pre-packed in ULDs or on cookie sheet pallets. Read the entire page →
From page 179... ... Page 8-6 workhorse of the industry. While only applicable to transcontinental gateways for now, airports have been challenged to either build or expand apron to accommodate new larger freighters, often having to sacrifice the number of positions in the process. Read the entire page →
From page 180... ... Page 8-7 EFFECTS: LAND Previously it was noted that industry trends have left many legacy cargo facilities outdated to such an extent that airport operators must confront the possible reuse for non-cargo purposes or even demolition without near-term replacement. The industry has changed so dramatically that these facilities may simply no longer be necessary. Read the entire page →
From page 181... ... Page 8-8 needed to accommodate the unmet demand. This chapter is normally referred to as the facility requirements. Read the entire page →
From page 182... ... Page 8-9 Air Cargo Business Survey – This survey instrument was developed to provide data on cargo activity, on-airport cargo facilities, operations, and plans related to air cargo activity at case study airports as well as participating system airports. The survey was designed to be completed by a wide range of cargo operators on an airport such as passenger airlines, integrated express (FedEx, UPS, DHL, etc.,) Read the entire page →
From page 183... ... Page 8-10 Table 8-1 Air Cargo Warehouse Space Collected and Analyzed. Building Occupant Type Number Square Footage Percent Integrated Express 69 18,062,663 62.7% Passenger Carrier-Belly Cargo 88 3,632,990 12.6% U.S. Read the entire page →
From page 184... ... Page 8-11 should be mindful of this when collecting data from air cargo tenants and preparing ratios for facility development. Passenger carriers tend to require more space than integrated express carriers due to the fact that they typically have less automation in the sorting process than the integrated express firms. Read the entire page →
From page 185... ... Page 8-12 Master Plan Review Results A review and analysis of 12 airport master plans completed between 2005 and 2011 was conducted to identify recent innovative trends in air cargo facility master planning (Table 8-3 and Table 8-4) Read the entire page →
From page 186... ... Page 8-13 Table 8-3 Facility Requirement Ratios Based on Master Plan Review. Warehouse Space Ratios Domestic Int'l Gateway Airport ACI Cargo Volume Rank 2011 Cargo Activity Cargo Building Ratio: Existing Warehouse Annual Ton/SF Cargo Building Ratio: Future Warehouse Annual Ton/SF Cargo Building Ratio: Existing Warehouse Annual Ton/SF Cargo Building Ratio: Future Warehouse Annual Ton/SF Boise Airport, BOI 74 Non hub 0.63 1.52 n/ a n/ a Capital Region International Airport, LAN 94 Non hub 1.6 2 n/ a n/ a Cincinnati/ Northern Kentucky International Airport, CVG 17 Non hub (at time of analysis) Read the entire page →
From page 187... ... Page 8-14 Table 8-3 (continued) Facility Requirement Ratios Based on Master Plan Review. Read the entire page →
From page 188... ... Page 8-15 AIR CARGO FACILITY RATIO ANALYSIS: THIRD PARTY HANDLERS AND ALLCARGO CARRIERS User Description – Third party handlers commonly occupy cargo warehouse space and provide a variety of cargo related services to both passenger airlines and all-cargo carriers. Integrated express carriers utilize third party providers in limited markets but this is the exception since the express industry typically handles their own ground operations. Read the entire page →
From page 189... ... Page 8-16 of 0.548. The median throughput is 0.94. Read the entire page →
From page 190... ... Page 8-17 arrives at 0.78 annual tons per square foot while the straight average arrives at 0.25. The median throughput is 0.76 annual tons per square foot. Read the entire page →
From page 191... ... Page 8-18 AIR CARGO FACILITY RATIO ANALYSIS: INTEGRATED EXPRESS CARRIERS User Description – Integrated express carriers commonly occupy cargo warehouse space on airports and utilize ramp area for parking aircraft and storing ground service equipment. FedEx Express and UPS are the dominant carriers in the U.S. Read the entire page →
From page 192... ... Page 8-19 Table 8-7 Air Cargo Warehouse Throughput Rates for Integrated Express Carriers. Annual Tons/SF Median Annual Tons/SF Straight Averaging Ratios Sample Size Average Ton/Square Foot with Outliers – Domestic 0.56 0.85 0.6 43 Average Ton/Square Foot – Domestic 0.81 0.85 .83 36 Average Ton/Square Foot – International 0.36 0.38 0.40 15 SOURCE: CDM Smith. Read the entire page →
From page 193... ... Page 8-20 Table 8-8 Air Cargo Ramp Throughput Rates for Integrated Express Carriers. Annual Tons/FT Median Annual Tons/FT Straight Averaging Ratios Sample Size Average Ton/Square Foot 0.21 0.22 0.18 41 Average Ton/Square Foot – Domestic 0.19 0.2 0.17 33 Average Ton/Square Foot – Int'l 0.19 0.25 0.14 15 SOURCE: CDM Smith. Read the entire page →
From page 194... ... Page 8-21 Warehouse Space Sample Size – Data related to facility use by passenger carriers is comprised of 91 survey responses related to warehouse space within the Airport Planners Survey; 50% are located on international airports and 50% are located on domestic station airports. Annual tonnage data was collected for 50 of the 91 occupants (54%) Read the entire page →
From page 195... ... Page 8-22 GSE Space Sample Size – A little more than half of the respondents answering questions on cargo warehouse space completed questions on GSE space. Data related to facility use by passenger carriers is comprised of 57 survey responses related to GSE space within the Airport Planners Survey. Read the entire page →
From page 196... ... Page 8-23 Table 8-12 Warehouse Square Feet to Dock/Door Ratios. Warehouse Building Space Square Feet to Dock/Door Ratio Sample Size Buildings <50,000 ft2 1,500 36 Buildings 50,000 to 99,999 ft2 2,400 35 Buildings 100,000 to 199,999 ft2 2,900 15 Buildings >200,000 ft2 4,000 5 SOURCE: CDM Smith AIR CARGO WAREHOUSE TRUCK PARKING SPACE RATIOS Warehouse development requires space for parking and maneuvering trucks on the landside area of air cargo buildings. Read the entire page →
From page 197... ... Page 8-24 SECURITY IMPACTS: FEDERAL POLICY EFFECT ON OPERATIONS Comprising both the TSA and CBP, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security's air cargo security requirements are the product of risk-based assessments that have – to date – prioritized enhancements directed at belly cargo for screening purposes, while striving to secure the entire supply chain. Read the entire page →
From page 198... ... Page 8-25 daily, inspections would be so superficial to meet a 100% quota that air cargo security would not be enhanced. However if TSA should approve technology for scanning full pallets and containers, the prospective goal of 100% scanning of all shipments may come closer to reality. Read the entire page →
From page 199... ... Page 8-26 The LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) certification program was devised in 1994 by the United States Green Building Council (USGBC) Read the entire page →
From page 200... ... Page 8-27 Figure 8-4 Comparison of Base Rent to Operational Costs. (SOURCE: Lynxs Group.) Read the entire page →
From page 201... ... Page 8-28 one of the practice areas which is equally implementable in refurbishment/repurposed sites as well as newly constructed sites. The SAGA database addresses more familiar sustainability subjects such as storm water management, water efficiency and landscaping. Read the entire page →
From page 202... ... Page 8-29 SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES RELATED TO AIR CARGO FACILITY LOCATION One final sustainability issue should be considered primary: site selection. Air cargo facilities have often been built on parts of airports which may not be the most appropriate location or land use. Read the entire page →

From page 174...

... Page 8-1 CHAPTER 8: TASK 6 -- AIR CARGO FACILITY REQUIREMENTS CHAPTER OVERVIEW The scope of work for this subtask sought to link industry trends with their effect on air cargo facilities planning metrics. Task One of this study provided an overview of the air cargo industry and recent trends and subsequent tasks similarly provided foundation for this subtask.