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Pages 14-22

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From page 14...
... 14 C H A P T E R 2 In order to use effectively foamed binder to produce WMA, it is important to understand the characteristics of the foamed binder that influence mixture workability and performance. The four broad steps to achieve this are: 1.
From page 15...
... 15 diameter. The ultrasonic sensor was able to collect data more frequently (about 10 points per second)
From page 16...
... 16 surface of the foamed binder. Due to the spherical nature of the bubbles, light from the flash was reflected strongly at the center of the bubble and along the edges of the bubble.
From page 17...
... 17 conventional HMA temperatures. The overall expanded volume and stability of the foam are important for WMA applications.
From page 18...
... 18 of liquid binder to air (steam) volume is higher, resulting in an increase in the shell thickness of the individual bubbles.
From page 19...
... 19 Figure 2-5 and Figure 2-6 illustrate typical ER measurements versus time for a particular binder (denoted as N6) with 1.0% and 3.0% water content.
From page 20...
... 20 over time. This is consistent with what can be expected from Equation 2-3, in that the larger-diameter bubbles rise to the surface faster.
From page 21...
... 21 intended to improve mixture workability and coatability from reduction in binder viscosity due to the binder volume expansion. Therefore, it was important to focus on the evaluation of workability and coatability of the foamed asphalt mixtures.
From page 22...
... 22 Figure 2-9. Proposed foamed asphalt mix design method.

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