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From page 5... ... CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEWS INTRODUCTION Several literature reviews were conducted as part of this research with a focus on rail characteristics, pedestrian (including pedestrians with disabilities) characteristics, rail crossing treatments, crossing treatment selection techniques, and crash reduction factors. Read the entire page →
From page 6... ... • Delineation: Through the use of changes in pavement texture, materials, landscaping, or painted lines on a paved surface, the limits of the pedestrian pathway can be indicated so that pedestrians will stay within the allocated walking zone. • Barriers: A wide variety of barriers, such as fencing, railing, chains with bollards, or wire strung between posts, can be used to provide positive control over most pedestrian movements. Read the entire page →
From page 7... ... Passive Signs The key resource for information about signs is the MUTCD (4) Read the entire page →
From page 8... ... Blank-Out Signs Addressing the condition of warning pedestrians of the presence of a second train has resulted in several different active signs being used (9) (such as the Light Transit rail Approaching-Activated Blank-Out Warning Sign [W10-7] Read the entire page →
From page 9... ... used the rail right-of-way. From the analysis of before and after video data, the demonstration project found that the warning sign was effective in reducing risky behavior by pedestrians. Read the entire page →
From page 10... ... Per TCRP Report 137 (8) , these pavement markings are similar to ones used in Dusseldorf, Germany. Read the entire page →
From page 11... ... Pathway Stop Lines The MUTCD (4) provides the following guidance regarding pathway stop lines: "if used at pathway grade crossings, the pathway stop line should be a transverse line at the point where a pathway user is to stop. Read the entire page →
From page 12... ... commute times. MUTCD (4D.27 paragraph 08 B) Read the entire page →
From page 13... ... Pedestrian Automatic Gates Pedestrian automatic gates are arms that block the pedestrian/cyclist path across the tracks. The principle is similar to the use of gates on roadways to stop motorists and cyclists when a train is approaching. Read the entire page →
From page 14... ... Pedestrian Swing Gates Pedestrian swing gates, sometimes called pedestrian fence gates, are gates that pedestrians and cyclists must open manually to cross the tracks) Read the entire page →
From page 15... ... Barriers Minimizing the number of conflict points for a pedestrian is an approach used to improve safety. One of the techniques used to channelize pedestrian traffic is barriers. Read the entire page →
From page 16... ... Pedestrian Fencing Pedestrian fencing is designed to channel pedestrian movements to designated crossing areas and limit the number of potential pedestrian-rail conflict points. Landscaping can be used in some situations to obtain a similar restriction. Read the entire page →
From page 17... ... at 90 degrees. When the crossing is not at 90 degrees, a wider crossing can enable wheelchair users to orient their chairs to approach the rails at 90 degrees. Read the entire page →
From page 18... ... The Australian standard for railway crossings was updated in 2007 and now includes a number of recommendations from the research (Australian Standard. Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices, 2007, Part 7: Railway Crossings, Section 6: Pedestrian and Bicycle treatments) Read the entire page →
From page 19... ... Sidewalk Relocation Per the FRA Compilation of Pedestrian Safety Devices in Use at Grade Crossings (5) report, Oregon routes any pedestrian facility 5 ft behind any crossing gate arm assembly to account for the position of the gate arm counterweight when the gate is horizontal. Read the entire page →
From page 20... ... such as Utah Transit Agency and Minneapolis have found removable barriers to be effective at locations with high volumes of pedestrian traffic. Sight Distance Adequate sight distance is critical regardless of the presence of active or passive warning devices. Read the entire page →
From page 21... ... outbound vehicles." The required stop is used to allow passengers to cross over to the inbound platform, which only has access from one side. Overview of Crossing Conditions FRA in Compilation of Pedestrian Safety Devices in Use at Grade Crossings (5) Read the entire page →
From page 22... ... condition with at least some minimal level of pedestrian activity -- a crossing with relatively low activity levels, where LRT speed does not exceed 55 km/h (35 mph) , where sight distance is good, that is not located in a school zone, and where no other factors warrant special consideration -- the recommended practice is to provide access and passive warning devices at the crossing. Read the entire page →

From page 5...

... CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEWS INTRODUCTION Several literature reviews were conducted as part of this research with a focus on rail characteristics, pedestrian (including pedestrians with disabilities) characteristics, rail crossing treatments, crossing treatment selection techniques, and crash reduction factors.