Estimating Bicycling and Walking for Planning and Project Development: A Guidebook (2014) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 21-29
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From page 21... ...
21 3.1 Overview Chapter 2 provided an overview of the current status of walking and bicycling in the United States: who walks and bikes, how frequently, how far, and for what purposes. This chapter provides insights on the many factors found to influence walking and bicycling behavior, from the choice of mode itself to the decision of whether to travel, where to travel and what route to take.
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From page 22... ...
22 between walk and bike rates in the United States versus other modern western nations, including most of Europe and even Canada, are not as easily explained. A 2008 study motivated by negative health and obesity trends in the United States compared walking and biking rates in the United States with a large sample of western countries, with the findings summarized in Figure 3-1 (Basset, et al., 2008)
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From page 23... ...
23 • Well-established, efficient transit systems coupled with pronounced efforts to maximize walk and bike access • Ubiquitous, high-quality, and well-connected bicycle and pedestrian networks and facilities • Pedestrian and bicycle-friendly policies to manage vehicular traffic in high-demand areas • Higher costs of owning, operating, and parking a motor vehicle If the differences between the United States and its peers on these attributes were reduced, more U.S. travelers would have attractive non-driving opportunities, in which case walking and biking rates would be expected to increase accordingly.
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From page 24... ...
24 realistically viewed as combinations of trips that constitute complete "tours," beginning and ending at the same point. A tour that begins at home, goes to a location such as work, and then returns home without intermediate stops is known as a "simple" (home-based)
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From page 25... ...
25 be preferred to biking because of the extra burden of finding secure bicycle parking. 3.4 Facilities The largest body of research on pedestrian and bicycle travel behavior has been in relation to facilities and their various characteristics, such as: • Type of facility • Safety in relation to traffic • Steep grades • Difficult crossings The planning needs motivating these studies are as follows: • Understanding facility characteristics in relation to choice of route for bicycling • Ascertaining the comparative value of different types of bicycle facilities (on- versus off-road)
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From page 26... ...
26 vehicle traffic. For pedestrians, this concern is manifest in having sidewalks and frequent safe crossings where vehicle travel volumes and/or speeds are high.
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27 3.6 Sociodemographic Factors Chapter 2 presented information on the types of people who walk and bike. The discussion in this chapter attempts to look more deeply into how certain characteristics are more associated with particular behavioral patterns or needs.
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From page 28... ...
28 bike for non-discretionary travel, and whites doing so more for social/recreational (discretionary) travel.
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From page 29... ...
29 ing walking or biking as inferior or irrelevant modes, or even concerns about safety. The primary reasons given seemed to have more to do with health or weather, or even simply lack of interest or time.
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