Strategic Issues Facing Transportation, Volume 5: Preparing State Transportation Agencies for an Uncertain Energy Future (2014) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 136-144
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From page 136... ...
136 The displacement of petroleum with liquid fuels produced from biomass, commonly referred to as "biofuels," promises several potential advantages. Estimates suggest that domestically produced biofuels could further the objective of energy security by meeting roughly a third of U.S.
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From page 137... ...
137 C.1.1 Production For ethanol currently refined in the United States, the dominant production supply chain begins with corn production, mostly in the Midwest. The corn is typically delivered by truck or rail to an ethanol plant or biorefinery, where it is then processed into cornstarch and fermented.
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From page 138... ...
138 Legislation Tax Credit ($/gallon) Expiration Date Volumetric Ethanol Excise Tax 0.45 12/31/2011 Small Ethanol Producer Credit 0.10 12/31/2011 Biodiesel Tax Credit 1.00 12/31/2013 Small Agri-Biodiesel Producer Credit 0.10 12/31/2013 Renewable Diesel Tax Credit 1.00 12/31/2013 Credit for Production of Cellusoic and Algae-Based Biofuel 1.01 12/31/2013 Source: Schnepf (2013)
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From page 139... ...
139 selling for $4.96 per gge (EERE 2012a)
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From page 140... ...
140 biomass are compared on a well-to-wheels basis. For current biofuels, corn-based E85 estimates from GREET are used.
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From page 141... ...
141 corn-based E85 could lead to increased emissions for volatile organic compounds, nitrogen oxides, and fine particulate matter in comparison to standard gasoline. Future reductions in air pollutants from biofuels could be achieved, however, as biofuel feedstocks and production processes are improved and rely on electricity with fewer emissions.
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From page 142... ...
142 than $60 per ton. They found that the potential resource is more than adequate to produce 20 billion gallons of cellulosic ethanol (DOE 2011)
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