The National Academies Press

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From page 145... ... 145 This appendix focuses on EVs that can be partially or fully powered by batteries charged from an off-board source of electricity (e.g., grid power) Read the entire page →
From page 146... ... 146 and Honda with its EV Plus produced dedicated BEV models; other companies developed BEV conversions of conventional vehicle models, such as the Ford Ranger EV and Toyota RAV4 EV. Additionally, most of the auto manufacturers only offered their EV models through leasing programs; only Toyota made its product, the RAV4 EV, available for sale. Read the entire page →
From page 147... ... 147 electricity based on agreements with interconnected utilities and other power providers. The system is divided into three major networks -- the Eastern, Western, and Texas Interconnected Systems -- within which the dispatchers and utilities operate (EIA, undated) Read the entire page →
From page 148... ... 148 turbine components (NRC 2010) Read the entire page →
From page 149... ... 149 such as in underground geologic formations. By capturing and storing the CO2, CCS can avoid upwards of 90% of CO2 emissions. Read the entire page →
From page 150... ... 150 the country where peak demand for air-conditioning was not viewed as a requirement in designing the local distribution system (May and Johnson 2011) Read the entire page →
From page 151... ... 151 EV owners to recharge their vehicles in the midst of their travel without too much delay; the need to spend a much longer time to recharge a vehicle would almost certainly be viewed as a major inconvenience that could deter many prospective owners from purchasing an EV. Even 30 minutes may be viewed as too inconvenient for a significant share of customers, given that refueling a gasoline tank typically takes about 5 minutes or so. Read the entire page →
From page 152... ... 152 customers. The Northern California utility Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E) Read the entire page →
From page 153... ... 153 level, after which the operation shifts to charge-sustaining mode. Some PHEV designs use only battery power during charge-depleting mode, while other designs use engine power as well to boost the combined efficiency of engine and battery power. Read the entire page →
From page 154... ... 154 D.3.2 Energy Cost of Travel While EVs may demand a significant premium for vehicle purchase, they perform quite well in terms of the energy cost of travel. Additionally, because BEVs are mechanically simpler than conventional vehicles, routine maintenance costs may be lower as well. Read the entire page →
From page 155... ... 155 as suggested by these two studies, it is likely that either battery costs will need to fall considerably or petroleum costs will need to rise and remain high on a sustained basis in order for EVs to represent an attractive cost proposition for many potential buyers absent continued subsidies. Such outcomes are certainly possible but cannot be taken as a given. Read the entire page →
From page 156... ... 156 use of the fuel in the vehicle. For each of the fuels and vehicle technologies -- gasoline, diesel, hybrid electric, natural gas, biofuels, plug-in and battery electric, and hydrogen -- the team used GREET's specifications for a mid-size passenger vehicle in 2010 along with two hypothetical configurations estimated by NRC (2013) Read the entire page →
From page 157... ... 157 respect to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) Read the entire page →
From page 158... ... 158 There have been a number of sales projections of BEVs and PHEVs for over the next 20 to 30 years. In its most recent Annual Energy Outlook, for example, EIA (2013a) Read the entire page →
From page 159... ... 159 Changing electricity generation mix. In the future, new regulations that cause a shift away from coal to renewable and other less-polluting forms of power could affect both the price of electricity and the environmental benefits of promoting EVs. Read the entire page →

From page 145...

... 145 This appendix focuses on EVs that can be partially or fully powered by batteries charged from an off-board source of electricity (e.g., grid power)