Sustainability Strategies Addressing Supply-Chain Air Emissions (2014) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 30-38
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From page 30... ...
30 3.1 Significance of Transport and Supply Chain Operations One of the major ways in which supply chains are becoming more sustainable is through operational improvements. Faced with a given set of product sources and required destinations, and given the technological characteristics of different transport modes, how can changes in the overall network design, the routing of freight, and other operational optimization techniques lead to reduced emissions?
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31 • Equipment use, • Speed reduction, • Driving style and vehicle idling, and • Packaging. Each of these levers is examined in the following paragraphs, with examples drawn from primary and secondary research.
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From page 32... ...
32 Nevertheless, if sufficient time is available, it may be possible to ship via a slower but more economical and less-polluting mode, such as rail or barge. These decisions are influenced by the length of the particular route involved, the competitiveness of transport services offered, the expected transit time and reliability.
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From page 33... ...
33 not experience a difference. Shipments move to retailer DCs on a weekly schedule, from New Hampshire to the Pacific Northwest and California, and from Pennsylvania to California and Florida.
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34 UPS focuses on opportunities to reduce miles driven and idle time before evaluating the use of alternative vehicles or fuels. Between 2006 and 2011, UPS achieved a 28% reduction in fuel per ton-mile in its parcel business by reducing miles driven and idle time (UPS Freight, 2012, pers.
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From page 35... ...
35 fuel consumption varying roughly as the cube of speed, a reduction of a few knots is sufficient to sharply reduce fuel usage, the largest component of vessel operating cost. Examples include the following: • Stonyfield's trucks delivering to New England customers are equipped with onboard computers that regulate top speeds to optimize fuel efficiency (Stonyfield Farm, 2011)
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36 the 2006 to 2011 period, UPS Freight has been able to reduce idle time by 50 minutes per driver, for a fuel reduction of 400,000 gallons per year (UPS Freight, 2012, pers. comm.)
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37 delivery is relatively modest compared with the potential for emissions reductions elsewhere in the supply chain (Barrington-Leigh, 2008)
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From page 38... ...
38 mode shift is by focusing their efforts, to the extent that they are able, on helping to overcome the private sector's perceived challenges in shifting to cleaner and greener modes, most notably those associated with transit time and reliability. Routing, Vehicle Speeds, and Equipment Use Shippers and carriers alike are realizing reduced fuel costs from efficient routing decisions with associated air emissions benefits as a result of reduced vehicle miles traveled.
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