Electric Vehicle Charging Stations at Airport Parking Facilities (2014) / Chapter Skim
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6 AVAILABILITY OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES According to the DOE, 16 EV models were available for public purchase in the United States in fall 2013, including models from BMW, Chevrolet, FIAT, Ford, Honda, Mitsubishi, Nissan, Porsche, smart, Tesla, and Toyota (Figure 1)
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7 FIGURE 2 Cumulative plug-in electric vehicle sales in the United States. Note: Includes both plug-in hybrid and battery electric vehicles.
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8 $2.00 per session for a Nissan LEAF and $6.50 for a Tesla Model S (source: U.S. Energy Information Administration 2013)
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9 Case study: denver International airport The city of Denver Department of Aviation (DOA) was an early leader in providing EV charging stations for its customers.
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10 Case study: dallas/Fort Worth International airport Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport installed one dual-port Level 2 EV charging station in the valet parking area in September 2012. The charging station (produced by PEP Stations)
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11 Level 3 Charging Though it provides the fastest full charge of the three different technologies, Level 3 charging, also referred to as "DC fast charging," lacks the universal standard and applicability of Level 1 and Level 2 charging stations, because it services EVs manufactured to use different Level 3 connectors. The three connectors used in the United States include the "CHAdeMO" connector, which is the standard in Japan; the SAE combo connector; and the Tesla Supercharger, which is for proprietary stations and can only be used by Tesla EVs.
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12 Vehicle Charging Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Charging capacity (miles of range per hour of charge) 4 20 150 Typical charging power (Amperes)
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13 diagnostics, computer-controlled power flow, internal metering, and/or smart-grid capabilities. These charging stations are typically connected to the manufacturer's website and accessible by EV users' smart phones.
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