State Bridge Load Posting Processes and Practices (2014) / Chapter Skim
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From page 64... ...
65 APPENDIX A Survey of States on Practices in Load Posting NCHRP Project 20-05 Topic 44-15 distributed a survey in 2013 to state transportation officials who are members of the AASHTO SCOBS. The survey was developed and distributed electronically using SurveyGizmo (surveygizmo.com)
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From page 65... ...
66 State Bridges Posted by State Official for State Louisiana State-owned bridges DOT chief engineer Maine All bridges DOT chief engineer Maryland All bridges2 DOT bridge engineer Massachusetts All bridges State bridge engineer Michigan State-owned bridges DOT chief engineer Minnesota State-owned bridges DOT bridge engineer Mississippi State-owned bridges Mississippi Transportation Commission Missouri All bridges DOT bridge load rating engineer Montana State-owned bridges DOT bridge engineer Nebraska State-owned bridges DOT director Nevada State-owned bridges DOT director New Hampshire State-owned bridges DOT commissioner New Mexico State-owned bridges District engineer New York State-owned bridges DOT bridge engineer North Carolina All bridges DOT bridge engineer North Dakota All bridges DOT bridge load rating engineer Ohio State-owned bridges DOT director Oklahoma State-owned bridges DOT bridge engineer Oregon State-owned bridges DOT chief engineer, Administrator of the Motor Carrier Transportation Division South Dakota State-owned bridges DOT as corporation Tennessee State-owned bridges DOT bridge load rating engineer Texas State-owned bridges DOT executive director Utah On-system bridges DOT bridge engineer Virginia State-owned bridges District engineer Washington State-owned bridges DOT bridge engineer West Virginia State-owned bridges Secretary of Transportation Wisconsin All bridges DOT bridge load rating engineer Wyoming All bridges District engineer 1Excludes federally owned bridges. 2Excludes some Maryland counties.
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From page 66... ...
67 State Load Rating Staff Load Rating by State Load Rating by Consultant State Consultant State + Consultants Indiana Y 95% 5% Iowa Y Kansas Y Kentucky Y 95% 5% Louisiana Y 70% 30% Maine Y 25% 75% Maryland Y 70% 30% Massachusetts Y 5% 95% Michigan Y 50% 50% Minnesota Y Mississippi Y Missouri Y 95% 5% Montana Y 99% 1% Nebraska Y 90% 10% Nevada Y New Hampshire Y New Mexico Y 50% 50% New York Y North Carolina Y 95% 5% North Dakota Y Ohio Y 95% 5% Oklahoma Y Oregon Y South Dakota Y Tennessee Y 99% 1% Texas Y 10% 90% Utah Y 20% 80% Virginia Y Washington Y West Virginia Y 99% 1% Wisconsin Y 99% 1% Wyoming Y Safety Inspections How are safety inspections used in decisions to post bridges for load?
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From page 67... ...
68 State Inspectors Recommend Re-Rate Load Raters Review Inspection Reports Low GCR Triggers Review Idaho Y Y Illinois Y Indiana Y Y Iowa Y Kansas Y Y Kentucky Y Y Y Louisiana Y Y Y Maine Y Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Y Y Y Minnesota Mississippi Y Y Missouri Y Montana Y Y Y Nebraska Y Y Nevada New Hampshire Y Y New York New Mexico Y Y North Carolina North Dakota Y Ohio Y Oklahoma Y Y Y Oregon Y South Dakota Y Tennessee Y Texas Utah Y Y Virginia Y Washington West Virginia Y Wisconsin Y Y Wyoming Y How are reports from safety inspections used in load rating and posting? Do critical findings trigger consideration of load posting for bridges?
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From page 68... ...
69 State Use of Inspection Reportsin Load Rating? Critical Finding Triggers New Load-rating?
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From page 69... ...
70 State Use of Inspection Reportsin Load Rating? Critical Finding Triggers New Load-rating?
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From page 70... ...
71 State General Condition Rating for Re-Rating of BridgeDeck Superstructure Substructure Channel Culvert Oklahoma 4 Oregon South Dakota 3 Tennessee Texas Utah 4 Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin 4 4 4 Wyoming Time Intervals We seek information on the time required to identify, evaluate and implement weight limits at posted bridges. What are the typical intervals in your state for?
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From page 71... ...
72 State Time Intervals (weeks unless noted) Initial Recommendation to Rating Computations Rating Computations to Decision to Post Decision to Post to Installation of Signs Installation of Signs to Verification Total Time Missouri 1.5 0.5 4 varies varies Montana varies immediate varies varies varies Nebraska 2–4 2–4 4–6 2–4 10–18 Nevada 4 2 4 1 11 New Hampshire <1 <1 <1 <1 1–2 New Mexico 0–1 0–1 0–1 0–1 2–4 New York 4 0.6 0.6 0.8 6 North Carolina 2 days 2 days 2 1 4 North Dakota 1 2 12 52 52 Ohio 2 2 2 6 12 Oklahoma 1 1 1 1 1 Oregon South Dakota N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Tennessee 0.5 0.5 4 0 5 Texas 90 days Utah 2 1 2 1 6 Virginia 12 <1 <4 -- 16 Washington varies varies varies varies varies West Virginia 8 2 6 52 52 Wisconsin 4 2 1 1 8 Wyoming 5 1 2 1 9 Additional comments on time intervals in load posting?
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From page 72... ...
73 State Additional Comments on Time Intervals in Load Posting Mississippi The amount of time from initial recommendation to evaluate to verification of posting signs in place can vary greatly depending on many different factors. The above intervals are a generalization.
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From page 73... ...
74 Quality Practices What are your quality practices for load rating of highway bridges? Do you use peer review of load rating computations?
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From page 74... ...
75 State Peer Review QC/QA Practices for Load Rating Ohio DOT QA Reviews, Shelf QAR Oklahoma Oregon The load rating staff will follow up with the District Manager who is responsible for a particular bridge to verify the status of the posting recommendation and what actions are taking place in either the repair process or posting decision. If the condition of any member of a bridge changes by 2 during an inspection cycle or when the previous load rating was performed, we have database queries that will alert load rating staff to perform a review of the load rating for the change of condition.
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From page 75... ...
76 State Photo of Signs Inspector Verify QA Verify QC/QA Practices for Weight Limit Signs? Maryland The district offices responsible for installing the signs are to follow up with the bridge office to confirm that the signs are in place.
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77 TABLE A11 SURVEY RESPONSES -- STATES QUALITY REVIEW OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT LOAD POSTING State QA Review of Local (Y/N) Describe QA Review of Local Government Owners Alabama Yes The local governments have to submit the below questionnaire every 3 years.
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From page 77... ...
78 State QA Review of Local (Y/N) Describe QA Review of Local Government Owners Oregon Yes Bridge inspectors are required to review and evaluate the posting signs at the bridge and the advanced posting signs.
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79 State Other Monitoring Describe Other Monitoring Montana Yes Once MDT determines a bridge needs posting, a letter is sent to the local agency. Once the proper signs are installed, the local agency is required to sign and date the original letter in order to verify that the signs have been installed.
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From page 79... ...
80 TABLE A13 SURVEY RESPONSES -- USE OF STANDARD SIGNS FOR WEIGHT LIMITS State U.S.DOT Sign (from MUTCD) R12-1 R12-2 R12-3 R12-4 R12-5 Other Alabama Y Y Alaska Y Y Y Y Arizona Y California Y Y Colorado Y Delaware Y Y Florida Y Georgia Y Y Hawaii Y Idaho Y Y Illinois Y Y Indiana Y Iowa Y Y Kansas Y Kentucky Y Y Louisiana Y Maine Y Y Maryland Y Massachusetts Y Michigan Y Y Y Y Y Minnesota Y Y Mississippi Y Y Y Missouri Y Y Y Montana Y Y Nebraska Y Nevada Y New Hampshire Y Y New Mexico Y Y New York Y North Carolina Y Y North Dakota Y Y Ohio Y Oklahoma Y Oregon Y Y Y South Dakota Y Tennessee Y Y Texas Y Y Y Utah Y Y Virginia Y Y Washington Y Y West Virginia Y Y Wisconsin Y Y Wyoming Y Please describe your other signs for weight limits.
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From page 80... ...
81 State Please Describe Other Signs for Weight Limits Florida Georgia R12-5 is modified for Georgia silhouettes. Hawaii Idaho R12-6B (Axle Limit Sign)
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82 ( ) Central office load rating staff, using contractors for signs ( )
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83 TABLE A16 SURVEY RESPONSES -- VERIFICATION OF WEIGHT LIMIT SIGNS Staff Verifying Weight Limit Signs State Bridge Safety Inspectors DOT Maint. Crew State Bridge Safety Inspectors DOT Maint.
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84 STATE ROLE IN LOAD POSTING OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT BRIDGES If state and local governments share authority for load posting of bridges owned by local governments, how is this authority shared?
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From page 84... ...
85 TABLE A19 SURVEY RESPONSES -- STATES' NOTES ON SHARED AUTHORITY FOR LOAD POSTING State Shared Authority for Load Posting Alabama The local government always has the ability to post for less than the state government recommendation, but never higher. Alaska State calculates load posting values and recommends posting to the local authority.
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86 METHODS OF LOAD RATING What methods does your state use for evaluation of weight limits of posted bridges?
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87 BASIS FOR LOAD RATING What basis does your state use for evaluation of load ratings for bridges?
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88 LEVEL FOR LOAD POSTING What rating level is used to set weight limits for load posting?
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From page 88... ...
89 TABLE A23 SURVEY RESPONSES -- STATES' NOTES ON LEVEL FOR LOAD POSTING State Notes on Level for Load Posting Alabama Alaska Posting analysis is triggered when the inventory load rating factor is less than 0.75. Arizona California Colorado Load testing Delaware Four levels depending on condition, details, enforcement, and detour length Florida Florida uses the LF and the LRFR methods for load posting purposes including Florida specific load factors.
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From page 89... ...
90 REFINED ANALYSIS When does your state use refined methods of analysis to evaluate weight limits for posted bridges?
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From page 90... ...
91 State Avoid Posting Complex Bridge Use of Refined Analysis Methods in Load Rating North Carolina Y Structures critical to the local economy or industry. North Dakota Ohio Y In special circumstances, for complex and unusual bridges where we cannot accurately model a bridge using beam line analysis Oklahoma On-system bridges, when load rating for Oklahoma Standard OL-1 permit truck Oregon Y For complex bridges that are outside the applicable limits for a beam line analysis.
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From page 91... ...
92 State Use of Field Evaluation and Engineering Judgment Michigan MDOT BRIDGE Advisory 2012-3 http://www.michigan.gov/documents/mdot/MDOT_BRIDGE_ADVISORY_BA_201202_401291_7.pdf Minnesota Mississippi Missouri We use field evaluation and engineering judgment when we don't have any plans or design information on file for a structure. The load posting is based on the current condition of the structure documented in the field evaluation and history of the structure.
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From page 92... ...
93 State Use of Load Tests Colorado Not typically done at CDOT. Load tests were performed on several I-25 bridges in Colorado Springs for the HETS vehicle (Heavy Equipment Transport System)
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94 TABLE A27 SURVEY RESPONSES -- LOAD RATING OF DECKS State Rate Decks Poor Condition Deck Mat'l. Other Note Alabama N Alaska Y Arizona N California N Colorado -- Y Timber structures with timber decks are considered in the evaluation.
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95 TABLE A28 SURVEY RESPONSES -- LOAD RATING OF SUBSTRUCTURES State Rate Substructure Poor Condition Material Other Note Alabama N Alaska -- Y Arizona N California Y Colorado N Y Y When substructure condition rating is 4 or lower or has scour potential, substructures are used in the evaluation. Delaware N Florida -- Settlement Georgia Y Y Y Hawaii N Idaho -- Y Illinois -- Y Indiana N Iowa -- Y Kansas -- Y Kentucky Y Louisiana Y Y Timber piers, metal piers (procedures)
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From page 95... ...
96 TABLE A29 SURVEY RESPONSES -- USE OF CONDITION OF COMPONENTS IN LOAD POSTING State AASHTO Condition Factor Section Properties, Field Measurement Stress Limits, Coupon Test Alabama Alaska Y Y Arizona Y California Y Y Y Colorado Y Y Delaware Y Y Y Florida Y Y Y Georgia Y Hawaii Y Y Idaho Y Illinois Y Y Indiana Y Iowa Y Kansas Kentucky Y Y Louisiana Y Y Y Maine Y Y Maryland Y Massachusetts Y Y Michigan Y Y Y Minnesota Y Y Mississippi Y Missouri Y Montana Y Nebraska Y Nevada Y Y New Hampshire Y Y New Mexico Y New York Y North Carolina Y Y North Dakota Y Ohio Y Y Oklahoma Y Y Y Oregon Y Y Y South Dakota Y Tennessee Y Texas Y Y Utah Y Y Virginia Y Y Washington Y Y Y West Virginia Y Wisconsin Y Y Y Wyoming Y Additional notes on deterioration of bridge components in load rating?
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From page 96... ...
97 TABLE A30 SURVEY RESPONSES -- STATES' NOTES ON USE OF CONDITION OF COMPONENTS IN LOAD POSTING State Notes on Deterioration Alabama Guidelines for Operations (pp.
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From page 97... ...
98 State Notes on Deterioration Utah Information is incorporated in load rating that leads to posting. As conditions change new load rating is performed and weight limits revisited.
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99 State AASHTO State Specific HS20 Type 3, 3S2, 3-3 SU4, SU5, SU6, SU7 Legal loads Routine permit loads Oregon Y Y Y Y South Dakota Y Tennessee Y Y Y Texas Y Y Y Utah Y Y Y Y Virginia Y Y Y Washington Y Y Y West Virginia Y Y Y Wisconsin Y Y Y Y Y Wyoming Y Y Research Related to Load Posting Is your state developing knowledge (research) , practices or policies on special vehicles or loads for load rating or posting?
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From page 99... ...
100 State Note Indiana Iowa Pooled fund study on implements of husbandry. http://www.pooledfund.org/Details/Study/460 Kansas Kentucky No Louisiana Develop LA design/rating vehicle based on WIM data Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Yes, participates in pooled-fund Study of the Impacts of Implements of Husbandry on Bridges.
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From page 100... ...
101 State Note Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma No Oregon Calibration of LRFR Live Load Factors for Oregon State-Owned Bridges Using Weigh-In-Motion Data Live load factors for bridge rating have been calculated using Oregon weigh-in-motion (WIM) data.
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From page 101... ...
102 State Note Kentucky Yes Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Virginia Structural load testing and flexure analysis of the Route 701 Bridge in Louisa County, Virginia: supplemental report A continuous slab bridge in Louisa County, Virginia, on Route 701 developed a planar horizontal crack along the length of all three spans. This project was designed to determine if the current 12-ton posted load restriction of the bridge (instituted in January 2002)
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From page 102... ...
103 TABLE A35 SURVEY RESPONSES -- OTHER RESEARCH ON LOAD POSTING State Note Alabama Alaska Arizona California Colorado Delaware Florida Georgia Not at this time Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri We're currently doing research on how fill heights affect the live load for the load rating of box culverts. Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Mexico We are in the process of awarding a research project titled "Load Rating Bridges with No As-built Plans." New York New York State conducted a research project with City College of New York based on LRFR methodology for load rating and posting bridges in NYS.
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