Non-Nuclear Methods for Compaction Control of Unbound Materials (2014) / Chapter Skim
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5 chapter one INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND Compaction is defined as the process by which particles of soil and unbound aggregates, hereafter referred to as "unbound materials," are rearranged and packed together into a denser state by applying mechanical energy. As unbound materials reach a denser state through compaction, their shear strength and stiffness are enhanced.
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6 TABLE 1 SUMMARY OF COMPACTION CONTROL SPECIFICATIONS OF STATE DOTs State Earthwork Specification Compaction Control Method Type Minimum Compaction Requirements Loose Lift Thickness Moisture Control Requirements Alternative Methods Alabama (2012) Specified density Embankment 95% RC (AASHTO T99: Method A for 10% passing or less; Method C for more than 10% retain on No.
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7 TABLE 1 (continued) (continued on next page)
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8 TABLE 1 (continued) Michigan (2012)
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9 (continued on next page) TABLE 1 (continued)
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10 TABLE 1 (continued) Texas (2004)
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11 design and compaction quality control processes. To address this problem, federal and state transportation agencies have investigated the use of compaction control procedures for unbound materials that are based on a criterion that closely correlates to the performance parameters used in the design, such as stiffness and strength.
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12 mented by state DOTs for compaction control to unbound materials. Finally, it highlights gaps in knowledge and current practices, along with research recommendations to address these gaps.
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13 and provides a summary of the finding of studies that were conducted to evaluate them. Chapter four provides a description of various in situ test methods that measure stiffness or strength properties and have been used in compaction control of unbound materials.
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