Command-Level Decision Making for Transit Emergency Managers (2013) / Chapter Skim
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From page 9... ...
CHAPTER 3: FINDINGS Phase I Findings 3.1 Training Needs Analysis The interview data and literature review revealed the individual knowledge and skills critical for effective transit command-level decision making in rapidly developing emergency incidents, and differentiated the critical tasks and skills required for each role. From the data collected, we identified five concentration areas in ground transit emergency response (see Table 1)
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Develop Situation Awareness Identify, gather, and prioritize information to understand the situation: Effective transit agency command-level decision makers are able to determine quickly how and where to identify, gather, and prioritize information necessary to take action regardless of transportation mean or mode (buses, roads, bridges, boats, etc.)
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After writing the learning objectives, system strategies, and performance measures, we then compared them to the HSEEP Exercise and Evaluation Guidelines which specifies evaluation criteria and standards for the mirrored ICS capabilities. The comparative analysis helped us to verify the evaluation requirements needed to train and assess the learning objectives.
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For each scenario, we noted the primary task functions for each (drawn from the Training Needs Analysis) , and any differentiators for those task's functions.
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Source/Scenario Category Task Function Differentiators/Notes Pandemic Influenza Duplicate Plague Terrorist Continuity of operations, addressing public fear Blister Agent Terrorist Security, life safety, crowd control, move responders in and out, decontamination Toxic Industrial Chemicals Terrorist Evacuation, rerouting, decontamination Nerve Agent Terrorist Security, life safety, crowd control, move responders in and out, decontamination Chlorine Tank Explosion Terrorist Small scale evacuation in contaminated area Major Earthquake Duplicate Major Hurricane Duplicate Radiological Dispersal Device Terrorist Rerouting, evacuation from contaminated zone, shelter in place in stations, decontamination Bombing using Improvised Explosive Devices (IED) Duplicate Food Contamination Terrorist Terrorist based scenario as specified by NPS summary, not highly applicable to transit Foreign Animal Disease Terrorist Terrorist based scenario as specified by NPS summary, not highly applicable to transit Cyber Attack Duplicate SME Meetings Hurricane Duplicate Terrorist attack with multiple explosions Duplicate Blizzard Natural Disaster Shelter in place in station, inability for transit assets to operate Terrorist attack with suicide transit operators Terrorist Internal security, life safety Public Transportation System Security and Emergency Preparedness Planning Guide Bomb threat Terrorist Threat procedures Unusual or out of place objects Terrorist Threat procedures Chemical agent release Duplicate Vehicle Born Improvised Explosive Device (VBIED)
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From page 14... ...
Source/Scenario Category Task Function Differentiators/Notes Armed hijacking, hostage, or barricade situation in station/vehicle Terrorist Security, life safety, continuity of operations Chemical, biological, or nuclear release in station/vehicle Terrorist Security, Life safety, decontamination. Secondary explosive device directed at emergency responders Terrorist Security, must be combined with another scenario Physical or information attack on control system Terrorist Internal security, continuity of operations Physical or information attack on dispatch system Terrorist Internal security, continuity of operations Improvised Explosive Device detonated near fuel facility Terrorist Internal security, continuity of operations Airport Emergency Response Operations Simulation (AEROS)
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The following scenarios were approved by the panel: 1. Riverine flooding with hazmat (prototype)
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Phase II Findings 3.5 Field Test Evaluation Summary Three field tests utilizing the prototype system were executed in Phase II. The primary questions considered in the evaluation were: • What are the participant's feelings and attitudes towards achievement of critical learning objectives during the TERA exercise?
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3.9 Combined Evaluation Results Overall, participants felt they made above average progress on understanding the intended learning objectives (combined mean for all field tests = 3.56, SD = 0.5995)
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Phase III Findings 3.11 Deployment The 2012 Transportation Hazards and Security Summit and Peer Exchange was utilized as a platform to evaluate the final system with two scenarios. The training event was deemed a success as each of the exercise goals was met.
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The final portion of the exercise day was devoted to TERA enhancements. TERA facilitators led the discussion on the near-term goals for interface enhancements.
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