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Iron Deficiency Anemia Recommended Guidelines for the Prevention, Detection, and Management Among U.S. Children and Women of Childbearing Age (1993) / Chapter Skim
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D DIETARY IRON: TRENDS IN THE IRON CONTENT OF FOODS, USE OF SUPPLEMENTAL IRON, AND THE FRAMEWORK FOR REGULATION OF IRON IN THE DIET
Pages 113-122

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From page 113...
... Examples of iron salts that are freely soluble both in water and in dilute acid are ferrous sulfate, ferrous ascorbate, ferrous gluconate, and ferric ammonium citrate. Examples of salts that are poorly soluble in water but soluble in 113
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From page 114...
... permit exchange of air between package contents and the environment, and it is therefore not feasible to fortify them with ferrous sulfate or with most other iron salts known to have good bioavailability (Coccodrilli et al., 1976; Hurrell, 1984~. In the United States, most dry Infant cereals are fortified with a metallic iron powder, specifically, electrolytic iron.
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From page 115...
... 115 Diet and Year No. of Collections Mean Standard Deviation Adult diets 1974 30 20.0ab 3.0 1975 20 18.0b 3.1 1976 20 18.2ab 3.1 1977 25 l8.3ab 5.8 1978 20 17.9b 4.1 1979 20 l8.3ab 4.2 1980 20 21.0a 5.1 1981-82 27 l8.4ab 3.2 Infant diets 1975 10 7.4a 5.7 1976 10 7.3a 40 1977 12 6.8a 3.6 1978 10 4.7a 2.1 1979 10 g.6a 10.3 1980 10 10.2a 4.8 1981-82 13 9.5a 6.3 Toddler diets 1975 10 11.1a 3.8 1975 10 10.1a 3.2 1977 12 8.5a 2.6 1978 10 7.7a 2.3 1979 10 11.9a 11.5 1980 10 gla 12.0 1981-1982 13 g.oa 1.7 NOTE: Mean values within each diet category with the same superscript are not significantly different.
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From page 116...
... Mean SEM Mean SEM Mean SEM Mean SEM Bow sexes 1-2 7.35 0.16 8.1 0.16 8.57 0.13 10.2 0.51 3-5 8.58 0.11 9.5 0.12 10.02 0.09 11.0 0.34 6-11 10.81 0.17 12.2 0.12 12.34 0.31 Male 12-15 14.13 0.42 15.6 0.20 16.01 0.45 16-19 16.70 0.51 16.9 0.26 18.15 0.60 20-29b 16.55 0.40 16.2 0.23 17.59 0.45 30_39b 16.54 0.48 15.9 0.21 16.48 0.49 40_49b 15.26 0.42 16.1 0.24 16.58 0.53 50-59 13.85 0.38 15.9 0.23 15.21 0.43 6OL69 13.08 0.18 14.9 0.25 14.73 0.20 70+c 11.68 0.16 14.2 0.28 13.24 0.29 Female 12-15 10.44 0.28 11.9 0.21 10.71 0.32 16-19b 9.54 0.30 11.2 0.20 10.04 0.34 20-29b 10.06 0.13 10.7 0.17 10.67 0.23 30_39b 10.36 0.14 11.1 0.15 11.08 0.31 40-49 10.40 0.18 11.0 0.14 11.10 0.34 50-59 10.15 0.28 11.5 0.17 10.30 0.30 60-69 9.53 0.14 11.0 0.15 10.53 0.13 70+c 8.63 0.13 10.4 0.16 10.18 0.22 0.79 0.70 0.81 11.1 11.1 10.6 0.27 0.26 0.22 a SEM is Word error of the mean, NHANES I and II are the first and second national Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, NFCS is the Nationwide Food Consumption Survey, and CSFII is the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes of Individuals. b Data from CSFII are for 1985 only.
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From page 117...
... demonstrated that feeding of infant cereal fortified with electrolytic iron powder can exert a favorable effect on iron nutritional status; at an intake level of 26-30 g of iron per day, fortified cereal was slightly but not significantly less effective in preventing iron deficiency anemia than iron-fortif~ed infant formula. Whether the much lower intakes of cereal likely to be fed to infants in the United States (mean consumption for 73 percent of 6- to 12-month-old infants was 19 g/day in one infant nutrition survey [Gerber Products Company, 19891)
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From page 118...
... In the 1986 National Health Interview Survey, investigators conducted detailed interviews and found that 36 percent of adults took a vitamin-mineral supplement (Moss et al., 1989~. The sunrey found that 24.5 percent of women 18-44 years of age reported using a supplement containing iron, and the median average daily intake of iron was 100 percent of the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)
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From page 119...
... Thus, the most readily available forms tend to discolor food and catalyze fat oxidation. Other approaches involve the addition of substances to foods that increase iron absorption from the gut (i.e., ascorbic acid or meat)
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From page 120...
... New serving sizes for RTE breakfast cereals may require additional consumer education to inform consumers about the amount of iron in a serving and may force some product reformulation for the cereals to continue to be certified for use with the WIC program. REFERENCES Beaton, G.H, P
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From page 121...
... 1989. Use of vitamin and mineral supplements in the United States: current users, types of products, and nutrients.
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Key Terms

  • heme iron
  • iron powder
  • particle size
  • electrolytic iron
  • iron absorption

  • metallic iron
  • dilute acid
  • grain products
  • iron fortification
  • iron compounds

  • rte breakfast
  • infant cereal
  • iron content
  • iron powders
  • total iron

  • cooked beef
  • products company
  • food products
  • low bioavailability
  • ferrous sulfate

  • breakfast cereals
  • deficiency anemia
  • supplemental iron
  • iron preparations
  • gerber products

  • iron salts
  • iron deficiency
  • elemental iron
  • nutrition monitoring
  • increase iron


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