Energy Savings Strategies for Transit Agencies (2013) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
Pages 18-45
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 18... ...
18 563.8 million to 455.5 million) , whereas consumption of non-diesel sources, which include CNG, gasoline, liquefied natural gas (LNG)
|
From page 19... ...
19 $1 million, and that constructing a fueling facility could cost from $950,000 to $5 million (28)
|
From page 20... ...
20 for King County Metro Transit in the Seattle area over a oneyear evaluation period (see Table 9)
|
From page 21... ...
21 As of August 2010, 15 buses were in service at seven U.S. locations (39)
|
From page 22... ...
22 • Palm Tran in West Palm Beach received a TIGGER grant to install thermal motor fans on its diesel buses to improve their fuel efficiency. • Jacksonville Transportation Authority retrofitted buses with electric fans to cool engines.
|
From page 23... ...
23 off-board device such as a flywheel or ultracapacitor. In systems that provide regenerated electricity to nearby trains, reuse of the electricity is limited to trains accelerating at the moment that the first train is braking.
|
From page 24... ...
24 FIGURE 10 NYMTA evaluation of regenerative energy systems for NYC subway. Source: Traction Power Report (47 )
|
From page 25... ...
25 FIGURE 11 NYMTA analysis of lightweighting strategies for NYC subway. Source: Traction Power Report (47 )
|
From page 26... ...
26 Improved vehicle maintenance can also save energy. Simple activities such as maintaining lubrication and reducing friction throughout the vehicle and maintaining tires with the proper pressure can improve or preserve the fuel economy of buses without substantially increasing costs.
|
From page 27... ...
27 more easily on transit buses than some other technologies (51)
|
From page 28... ...
28 nificant improvements in fuel economy from training drivers in energy-efficient practices. More than two-fifths of survey respondents indicated that they provide some sort of eco-driving training to their vehicle operators.
|
From page 29... ...
29 boarding more efficient while also reducing idling time. Real-time travel information from GPS tracking of transit vehicles informs travelers when a bus or train will arrive, and also allows agencies to track performance and potentially cut vehicle-miles while maintaining service.
|
From page 30... ...
30 and maintenance functions. Transit agencies' fleets of nonrevenue vehicles can be quite large.
|
From page 31... ...
31 refers to the electricity, natural gas, and other fuels that are used to heat, cool, and power buildings. Buildings also use some energy indirectly.
|
From page 32... ...
32 • The Capital District Transportation Authority in Albany, New York, installed 25 solar-powered illuminated bus signs at bus stops without shelters, four solar shelter lighting systems on top of existing shelters, and 10 BigBelly cordless compaction systems for trash disposal along a 2.5 mile corridor. In addition to the energy saved by these systems, the agency was interested in increasing ridership along this corridor before beginning BRT service.
|
From page 33... ...
33 This section highlights some examples of strategies related to energy use in offices and facilities, but does not provide a comprehensive list of all possible technologies or strategies available. Lighting, Computers, and Electronics Computers, electronics, and lighting combine to make up 6% of a building's energy use.
|
From page 34... ...
34 • Regional Transit District in Denver received more than $1 million in TIGGER funds to replace boiler systems in two of its bus maintenance facilities. The new equipment will include control systems to adjust the boiler systems in response to outdoor air temperatures.
|
From page 35... ...
35 FIGURE 12 Energy intensity of the LA Metro portfolio. Source: Energy Conservation and Management Plan (3)
|
From page 36... ...
36 The total energy benefits of green buildings can be substantial. Green buildings can use up to 50% less energy than conventional buildings.
|
From page 37... ...
37 resources mean that green building techniques that are promising in one area might not work in another. Generally, green building strategies minimize the energy required for heating and cooling by adapting to the local climate through techniques such as passive solar heating in northern climates and white roofs in warmer climates.
|
From page 38... ...
38 TABLE 22 USE OF EMPLOYEE COMMUTE STRATEGIES Alternative Workforce Management ResponseCount Providing transit benefits 19 Providing bike benefits or bike amenities (bike racks or showers on site) 14 Encouraging ridesharing or vanpool participation 13 Allowing for compressed work weeks or telework 13 Other (please specify)
|
From page 39... ...
39 on water bills and on energy used for water heating, as well as reducing sewer discharge (65)
|
From page 40... ...
40 Examples of agencies using recycled materials in new construction include: • While extending its light rail line, TriMet used 6,000 plastic rail ties made from recycled gas tanks, recycled plastic bollards instead of reinforced metal stanchions (saving more than $250,000 in purchase and installation costs) , and mixed existing road-base concrete with an added layer of asphalt, which reduced trucking and disposal fees by more than $2 million dollars (49)
|
From page 41... ...
41 A number of other agencies have smaller projects or use solar energy to power stations and stops (see "Energy at Stations and Stops")
|
From page 42... ...
42 Geothermal Geothermal energy uses an underground heat source to provide heating, cooling, or power to buildings. A geothermal heat pump uses underground heat directly in an HVAC system, and can significantly reduce the need to heat or cool buildings with other energy sources.
|
From page 43... ...
43 TABLE 25 POSSIBLE ENERGY SAVING STRATEGIES FOR TRANSIT AGENCIES Energy Saving Strategies for Transit Agencies Transit Vehicle Technology Strategies Bus Propulsion Technologies CNG buses LNG buses Propane buses Biodiesel Hybrid-electric buses Fuel cell buses Bus Retrofit Technologies Replace cooling systems Electric fans for engine cooling Intelligent gearshift and acceleration Use of lightweight materials Maintain tire pressure Rail Propulsion Wayside Energy Storage Systems (WESS) (ultracapacitators, flywheel, and battery)
|
From page 44... ...
44 Although informative, it is important to note that Table 26 does not take into account total project costs, because many TIGGER grantees also draw funds from other sources. Additionally, the cost-effectiveness of some types of projects may change as technology develops.
|
From page 45... ...
45 different strategies is important; however, which particular strategies are feasible and effective for a particular agency will depend on how the agency currently uses energy. OPPORTUNITIES TO SAVE ENERGY AT DIFFERENT TYPES OF TRANSIT AGENCIES As illustrated by the examples in this chapter, an agency's size and operating characteristics will affect the type and range of energy-saving strategies that the agency can pursue.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.