Operational and Business Continuity Planning for Prolonged Airport Disruptions (2013) / Chapter Skim
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P a r t 2 Using the Airport Business Continuity Planning Software Tool
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35 CRP-CD-140, which accompanies this guidebook (or which can be accessed from an ISO file at www.trb.org/Main/Blurbs/169246.aspx) , contains a business continuity software tool that has been developed to aid airports and fixed base operators (FBOs)
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36 Operational and Business Continuity Planning for Prolonged Airport Disruptions scale is used in the software, instead of specific recovery time objectives (RTOs) and recovery point objectives (RPOs)
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37 Organization The software tool is a comprehensive, interactive questionnaire or survey composed of a total of approximately 2,200 potential questions. The questions guide respondents through a process that identifies how it is that they accomplish their essential functions and activities and what resources are required to do so -- the basis of good BCP.
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38 Operational and Business Continuity Planning for Prolonged Airport Disruptions 4. Commercial and Aviation Lessees 5.
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Organization and Intended Use 39 Other sections tend to be heterogeneous groupings of more disparate functions and activities. For example, the Passenger Management, Aeronautical Operations Support, and Infrastructure and Utilities sections each include questions that address a mix of activities that may be part of one or more actual departments at the respondent's airport.
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40 Operational and Business Continuity Planning for Prolonged Airport Disruptions companies' recovery plans in the airport's business continuity plan helps manage the expectations of airport officials and align the airport's recovery process with those of these key partners. Referencing Contractors' Contingency Plans In each section of the questionnaire, respondents will be asked several questions that identify the contractual providers of essential airport functions.
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Organization and Intended Use 41 The staff member assigned by the airport to complete the questionnaire should become familiar with the questions by exploring the questionnaire and reviewing the question types in this guidebook. Once users feel comfortable with the survey, they can brief each department head about the information that is required to be entered into the software, so that each function can collect and document the necessary data and provide these data to the official respondent for entry into the tool.
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42 Features and Functionality Tool Installation and Features The software tool is fully self-contained on CRP-CD-140, provided with this guidebook, or available as an ISO file from www.trb.org/Main/Blurbs/169246.aspx. Because it does not require the user to maintain a subscription to an Internet service provider, the questionnaire software will run locally on most personal computers (PCs)
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Features and Functionality 43 Functionality Technical Components To deliver the functionality of this questionnaire in a self-contained tool, a Firefox browser engine has been embedded in the software in a way that emulates an online browser experience without any requirement for access to the Internet. This browser engine will not interact in any way with the browser(s)
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44 Operational and Business Continuity Planning for Prolonged Airport Disruptions files, template files, and response data directories are stored locally on this computer by the software. Because of this design, participants should either keep the software installed and running on a single computer that is made accessible to multiple departments or install and use it on a single laptop that is passed around among department respondents.
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45 The software tool is an integrated questionnaire that asks respondents to answer a series of questions about how each essential function operates. The questions focus on the four types of resources that business and operating departments require in order to function at a minimally acceptable level -- the unique combination of human resources, technology, plant and equipment, and processes that enables each essential function to perform as expected as part of the airport's operating model.
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46 Operational and Business Continuity Planning for Prolonged Airport Disruptions Text Box Text box questions ask respondents to enter data into one or more boxes -- free form information, addresses, contact information, and so forth (see Figure 6)
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How the Tool Works 47 (see Figure 8)
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48 Operational and Business Continuity Planning for Prolonged Airport Disruptions Navigation After respondents have installed the questionnaire software locally and have launched the application, they will see the screen shown in Figure 10. Note that each time respondents start or restart the application, it will take up to 30 seconds (more or less based on computer speed)
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How the Tool Works 49 their developing business continuity plan in HTML document format or as a PDF document. This feature enables them to become comfortable with how their answers become integrated into their plans.
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50 Operational and Business Continuity Planning for Prolonged Airport Disruptions When respondents render their draft plan in a PDF file, they will see a drop-down dialog box that asks them to either open or save the resulting Adobe Reader file: • If respondents select "Open," they can view their draft plan on screen, then save it themselves to the folder or location of their choice. This is recommended.
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How the Tool Works 51 Figure 12. Screenshot of "PDF conversion in progress" warning.
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52 Operational and Business Continuity Planning for Prolonged Airport Disruptions Figure 14. Screenshot of a PDF-formatted business continuity document.
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How the Tool Works 53 Once the initial questions are completed, respondents will be presented with sections of questions about operations and business functions. The software tool will automatically save respondents' current results so that when respondents resume the questionnaire later, they can begin answering where they left off and will not see the initial questions again.
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54 Operational and Business Continuity Planning for Prolonged Airport Disruptions the left side of the survey screen. The panel identifies a respondent's current location in the survey and informs the respondent about the state of all questions in the survey.
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How the Tool Works 55 • The "no" symbol ( ) is shown for questions that are not available (unreachable)
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56 This guidebook describes and illustrates each kind of question respondents will be asked in the software questionnaire. Each of these basic questions is repeated in virtually every one of the 34 core question sections.
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Explanation of Basic Question Types 57 These questions are presented as an iterated set of radio button questions that ask respondents to define the relative importance and criticality of recovery for every function, based on the scale shown in Table 1. This scale helps users to define recovery priority relative to how severely disruption would impact important airport strategic and business factors across multiple, highly differentiated functions.
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58 Operational and Business Continuity Planning for Prolonged Airport Disruptions 3. Insert the name of the person at the airport or FBO who is responsible for completing this questionnaire.
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Explanation of Basic Question Types 59 Figure 21. Question to distinguish airport and FBO respondents.
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60 Operational and Business Continuity Planning for Prolonged Airport Disruptions All operating and business sections that receive ratings of "3," "2," or "1" in Question 6 will remain in the respondent's survey and will be included in the business continuity plan. When deciding those functions that are most critical, it is important to think about whether their loss is likely to precipitate an airport closure, decertification, or loss of essential aeronautical capacity.
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Explanation of Basic Question Types 61 or FBO takes in response to these critical incidents will be the result of independent decisions made by management at each facility and the result of the nature of each disruption. The authors of the tool and guidebook require that respondents affirm that the authors will have no role in the business continuity plan or in respondents' actions related to disruptions and that respondents will indemnify and hold the authors harmless from and against any and all claims, demands, liabilities, damages, and expenses related in any way to their business continuity plans developed using the software or to any results and outcomes from their related actions.
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Figure 23. Question relating to disruption criteria that trigger business continuity plan activation.
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Explanation of Basic Question Types 63 Common Questions Eliminating Sections and Questions Respondents will answer a set of approximately 50 to 75 substantive questions in each of the 34 business and operating sections that they rank (in Question 6) as "critical," "important," or "convenient" in recovery priority to the airport.
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64 Operational and Business Continuity Planning for Prolonged Airport Disruptions 2. Indicate all essential services and activities that are part of the function, rank the relative importance and recovery priority of each (using the 3=critical, 2=important, 1=convenient scale)
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Explanation of Basic Question Types 65 The choice of "Other" is included in all sections because some airports may offer services additional to the ones listed. A drop-down box entitled "Recovery Priority" enables the respondent to select one of these choices: Critical (3)
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66 Operational and Business Continuity Planning for Prolonged Airport Disruptions 4. For each essential function, service, activity or process that is outsourced, who or what entity is responsible for providing it, and what must the airport provide to the contractor in order for that contractor to operate the function for which it is responsible?
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Explanation of Basic Question Types 67 In these cases, both the airport and its contractors have operational responsibilities that must be recovered after prolonged disruptions. Responses to this question are displayed in the business continuity plan in a table or list of essential contractor-provided functions and information about how the airport supports its contractors with essential resources.
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68 Operational and Business Continuity Planning for Prolonged Airport Disruptions 7. Are there any technology components routinely used in the functions that are essential to their adequate performance?
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Explanation of Basic Question Types 69 work-arounds." Manual work-arounds are extremely important to the airport's business continuity plan, because they document how various core processes are handled if they have to be done differently during disruptions or have to be performed without the use of the technology, automation, or other resources they usually depend on but that may be unavailable during disruptions. Do you understand why manual work-arounds are important to an effective business continuity plan?
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70 Operational and Business Continuity Planning for Prolonged Airport Disruptions "Intermediate Tasks (Important) ," and "Long-Term Tasks (Convenient)
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Explanation of Basic Question Types 71 Figure 37. Question that documents the recovery priority of vital records.
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72 Operational and Business Continuity Planning for Prolonged Airport Disruptions that will be listed in the resulting business continuity plan. This documentation informs others of information controls that must be observed during disruptions and recovery and the manual work-arounds that bridge the two.
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Explanation of Basic Question Types 73 Figure 41. Question that documents auditing responsibility.
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74 Operational and Business Continuity Planning for Prolonged Airport Disruptions Figure 43. Question that documents recovery team information.
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Explanation of Basic Question Types 75 Figure 44. Question that documents normal functional staffing.
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76 Operational and Business Continuity Planning for Prolonged Airport Disruptions require that some staff pass and maintain strength or height tests in order to perform their jobs carrying heavy firefighting equipment, operating heavy equipment, or lifting minimum weights, for example. This information is also important to the business continuity plan because it restricts replacement staff and requires recovery with personnel who pass those threshold requirements.
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Explanation of Basic Question Types 77 Figure 49. Question that determines status of staff.
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78 Operational and Business Continuity Planning for Prolonged Airport Disruptions Figure 52. Question that documents union information.
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Explanation of Basic Question Types 79 28. Does their condition of employment or union contract contain a no-strike clause or is striking prohibited by law in your jurisdiction?
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80 Operational and Business Continuity Planning for Prolonged Airport Disruptions Figure 55. Question that documents staff succession information.
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Explanation of Basic Question Types 81 32. Can this work be assigned to other shifts to provide additional capacity?
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82 Operational and Business Continuity Planning for Prolonged Airport Disruptions 35. Indicate -- from highest to lowest priority -- everyone who must be notified if the department's essential functions have been disrupted and are either partially or completely "down." Include those actually in the department or function, those at other departments at the airport and airport management, and those at any agencies or organizations outside the airport with a need to be informed if the work of this department is disrupted.
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Explanation of Basic Question Types 83 Core Questions Related to Physical Plant and Equipment Resources The next group of approximately 12 survey questions addresses the physical plant and equipment resources that are essential to the department's function and role. The first five of these questions focus on the physical location of management and operations facilities and how best to relocate them during times of disruption.
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84 Operational and Business Continuity Planning for Prolonged Airport Disruptions Figure 63. Question that documents details for viable alternate work locations.
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Explanation of Basic Question Types 85 Figure 65. Question that documents relocation site information.
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86 Operational and Business Continuity Planning for Prolonged Airport Disruptions Figure 67. Question that documents requirements for security measures.
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Explanation of Basic Question Types 87 Figure 69. Question that determines requirement for critical supplies.
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88 Operational and Business Continuity Planning for Prolonged Airport Disruptions Figure 71. Question that determines requirement for special equipment.
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Explanation of Basic Question Types 89 required by each airport or FBO function for it to perform as expected. The inventory that is incorporated into the airport's business continuity plan will include the sources (or providers)
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90 Operational and Business Continuity Planning for Prolonged Airport Disruptions Figure 75. Question that determines requirement for Internet connectivity.
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Explanation of Basic Question Types 91 the airport business continuity plan, this list supports replacement of critical applications if current versions are unavailable to their users.
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92 Operational and Business Continuity Planning for Prolonged Airport Disruptions Figure 80. Question that determines the existence of application recovery plans.
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Explanation of Basic Question Types 93 58. Is the use of a copier, fax machine, or scanner critical to the function?
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94 Operational and Business Continuity Planning for Prolonged Airport Disruptions 60. Does the function normally require the use of any other critical electronic devices (see Figure 85)
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Explanation of Basic Question Types 95 62. Do the functions and locations that are a part of this department regularly back up their data?
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96 Operational and Business Continuity Planning for Prolonged Airport Disruptions Figure 88. Question that determines the frequency of data back-ups.
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Explanation of Basic Question Types 97 Figure 91. Question determining frequency of data back-ups on portable devices.
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98 This section of the guidebook defines each section of survey questions and describes which airport activities are included therein. It also describes questions that are unique or specific to some of the particular functions and are presented to respondents in addition to the "standard" questions described in the previous section.
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Questionnaire Sections in Detail 99 4. Indicate any essential airport services the military provides under contract or barter to the airport during normal civilian operations.
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100 Operational and Business Continuity Planning for Prolonged Airport Disruptions at the airport. Maintaining ARFF index capacity should be considered by air carrier airports (as opposed to general aviation facilities)
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Questionnaire Sections in Detail 101 back-up power may drive the key airport functions -- lights critical to illuminating runways, all electronics within the airport, ticketing, signage, and elevators and escalators -- that are critical to the airport's operational continuity. Back-up power sources and processes can include emergency supply contract provisions with local utilities, standby mobile generator delivery agreements, permanent/portable diesel/gasoline generators, uninterruptible power supply (UPS)
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102 Operational and Business Continuity Planning for Prolonged Airport Disruptions Commercial lessees include airlines, FBOs, general aviation operators, and contractors to the airport for all other airport functions not performed by the airport itself with its own employees. Lessees can include the following: • Specialized aviation service operators (SASOs)
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Questionnaire Sections in Detail 103 Finance and Accounting Typical finance functions might include general ledger, accounts payable and receivable, treasury/cash management, budgeting, fixed asset accounting, project accounting, financial analysis, long-term planning, or even fuel hedging. Negative impact to the airport from the loss of these functions or the degradation of their capacity from disruptions could include the inability to track and report revenue from parking or calculate fuelage surcharges; the inability to track and report revenue from retail and commercial concessions; or failure to meet payroll, loan covenants, or contractual or legal obligations.
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104 Operational and Business Continuity Planning for Prolonged Airport Disruptions activity-based billing to the airport. Failure to provide services may trigger leasehold penalties from the airport, as well.
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Questionnaire Sections in Detail 105 detect organic materials or organisms that could severely threaten agriculture and the food supply in the United States. If these federally mandated security and control functions become nonfunctional, impacts may include massive air traffic re-routing, flight delays and cancellations, political fact-finding investigations, and crowd control and processing issues for the airport.
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106 Operational and Business Continuity Planning for Prolonged Airport Disruptions at the airport that can absorb more volume, or new sites, based on the nature of the airport disruption. Relocation points must be able to accommodate CBP, ICE, or USDA officers, technology, equipment, and support operations.
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Questionnaire Sections in Detail 107 Infrastructure and Utilities This question section comprises the functions that provide and maintain the airport's essential infrastructure in normal times as well as during and after disruptions. The questions address utilities (electricity, drinking water and wastewater, natural gas)
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108 Operational and Business Continuity Planning for Prolonged Airport Disruptions review and advise on legal filings, issues, and regulatory matters; the inability to develop, negotiate, and draft contracts or leases or meet other legal obligations; and the inability to respond to government or FAA regulatory or fairness inquiries. Other Property Management This section of questions deals with the function that manages, oversees, and supports any airport-owned businesses that are distinct from the airport itself, such as recreation facilities (playing fields, batting cages, go-cart or race tracks, water parks, driving ranges, etc.)
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Questionnaire Sections in Detail 109 office buildings; aeronautical museums; concert halls or music venues; transient entertainment; religious, political, civic or cultural events; or regional emergency leases) whose financial performance may be material and may be consolidated into the airport's P&L.
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110 Operational and Business Continuity Planning for Prolonged Airport Disruptions section address how essential the function is in terms of the impact to the airport if it cannot be performed. Impacts of loss of the payroll function could include the inability to distribute paychecks, initiate and execute payroll electronic funds transfers, calculate deductions accurately, or meet labor contract obligations.
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Questionnaire Sections in Detail 111 Questions specific to the public safety function are presented below.
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112 Operational and Business Continuity Planning for Prolonged Airport Disruptions airport or on its property. This section does not deal with public parking contractors or independent businesses owned and operated by the airport itself (these are addressed in other sections of the survey)
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Questionnaire Sections in Detail 113 3. Can the port authority or the municipal or county jurisdictions make a call on your airport's winter operations resources -- people, supplies, equipment -- and require them to be sent to other priority locations?
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114 Operational and Business Continuity Planning for Prolonged Airport Disruptions transportation, aircraft staging/storage during routine weather events, non-aircraft vehicle and equipment staging for utilities during expected weather emergencies, high-security movements and operations within the AOA, repair to blast fences, cleaning aviation fuel spills, and foreign objects and debris (FOD) removal.
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Questionnaire Sections in Detail 115 functions may represent a significant part of the airport's revenue, even if ownership and control are shared among the airport, airlines, and other contractors. This section of questions addresses how these airport operations are managed and what the alternatives may be for recovering operational, maintenance, and storage capacity and restoring it to commercial lessees during or after prolonged airport disruptions.
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116 Operational and Business Continuity Planning for Prolonged Airport Disruptions Airport Maintenance and Repair Functions and responsibilities in this section of questions include supporting and maintaining many types of plant and equipment: • Airport-owned or leased terminal buildings • Hangars • Outbuildings and temporary/mobile structures • Repair bays and shops • HVAC and mechanical systems • Toll booths and garage structures • Runways, taxiways, jetways, and ramp areas • Equipment • Plumbing • Infrastructure • Heavy equipment and vehicles • Conveyers, belts, and lifts • Furniture and fixtures • Infrastructure for retail concessions and commercial lessees • Grounds maintenance The importance of ensuring the uninterrupted resources and capacity to maintain and repair this broad array of physical assets can be illustrated in the potential negative impact to the airport if these activities are disrupted or not recovered: • The inability to use airside and landside facilities and infrastructure • Violations of leasehold agreements • Forfeiture of lease revenues • Potential fines or revenue claw-backs • Negative FAA, city, or county scrutiny • Airport closure • Loss of airlines operating at the facility • Reputational damage Purchasing, Receiving, and Supplies Supplies defined in this section are everyday supplies that support the indoor and outside maintenance and cleaning of airport buildings and grounds. This section also covers office and business supplies and supplies for passengers who may become stranded overnight or indefinitely due to flight cancellations and other emergencies.
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Questionnaire Sections in Detail 117 • Office supplies – Paper and stationery – Pens, markers, and pencils – Compact disks (CD-ROMs) – Software – Laptops and PCs – Post-It notes • Supplies for delayed or stranded passengers – Cots – Baby formula – Bed sheets/blankets – Diapers – Potable water – Quick-serve boxed meals The procurement, receiving, storage, and distribution of these supplies might be essential to the airport for their impact on passenger and staff comfort and safety; disease prevention; airport cleanliness; appearance and reputation; meeting contractual requirements with contractors, lessees, and concessions; and for limiting airport liability due to accidents.
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118 Operational and Business Continuity Planning for Prolonged Airport Disruptions (NAVAIDS) systems that support flight operations and FAA-controlled ground movements can bring aviation operations to an immediate halt.
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Questionnaire Sections in Detail 119 This question provides a way for the airport to document in its business continuity plan the metrics it must meet at normal processing times for the shared services it provides to airlines and contractors. This metric might be the normal volume of a shared system (e.g., bags per minute)
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120 Operational and Business Continuity Planning for Prolonged Airport Disruptions Terminal Buildings This section of questions addresses how the airport provides and operates all of its terminal buildings, hangars, concourses, and general aviation facilities and what it does to support those other buildings that may be owned and operated by commercial lessees, such as airlines and FBOs, which may contractually depend on essential services and utilities to operate effectively. The importance of terminal buildings to the recovery of the airport after a prolonged disruption may be measured in how damaging their loss or partial availability would be.
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Questionnaire Sections in Detail 121 resources, the more important the IT department's DR plan becomes. This DR plan should align with the recovery priorities established by all other airport departments and functions so that airport managers (and all those contractors, commercial lessees, and retail concessionaires that depend on the airport for their operations)
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122 Operational and Business Continuity Planning for Prolonged Airport Disruptions documented by IT, so others know where to find it after disruptions. This may be a desk, cabinet, or safe for documented lists, or it can be a digital location such as a network or computer file, a personal digital assistant (PDA)
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123 The business continuity plan that will be generated by the software tool will be formatted "on the fly" by the tool and converted from native HTML into a PDF file document for printing and electronic distribution. Because every airport and FBO that will complete the survey operates with a unique business model based on their location, environment, ownership, strategy, and culture, every plan generated by this tool will be site specific, based on how each question has been answered.
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124 Operational and Business Continuity Planning for Prolonged Airport Disruptions Figure 93. Sample business continuity plan table of contents.
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The Business Continuity Plan Generated by the Tool 125 Figure 94. Sample table of contents showing Sections 5 and 6.
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126 Operational and Business Continuity Planning for Prolonged Airport Disruptions Figure 95. Sample of insertion of recovery resources requirements.
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The Business Continuity Plan Generated by the Tool 127 At its most basic, this plan will enable airports or FBOs to document a great deal of information that is important to have readily available during disruptive incidents; this will greatly increase the ability of airports or FBOs to manage operations during these incidents and restore operations afterwards. Every airport or FBO should use the framework that is developed to set priorities and allocate resources where they can be most effective during and after prolonged disruptions and to close gaps in airport preparedness.
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A-1 A p p e n d i x A Because business continuity is a mature professional process, it has developed around an evolving set of standards that are internationally recognized and practiced by business continuity professionals. The federal government encourages the adoption of business continuity planning (BCP)
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A-2 Operational and Business Continuity planning for prolonged Airport disruptions • Safeguarding and providing access to vital resources, facilities, and records • Obtaining the resources necessary to continuity operations • Planning for redundancy in critical communications at alternative sites with stakeholders • Having the capability to reconstitute, recover, and resume normal operations after disruptions • Ensuring that capable personnel are assigned, trained, and prepared to manage operational relocation
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B-1 A p p e n d i x B Business continuity planning: the process of creating a plan for operating essential operational and business functions at an organization during a disruption and recovering those functions when the disruptive incident is over. BCP leadership team: a general term describing the business continuity project manager or coordinator, the steering committee, business process owners, and plan administrators.
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B-2 Operational and Business Continuity planning for prolonged Airport disruptions Delegation of authority: a formally documented plan that passes the legal responsibility and authority for specific approvals and decisions from one person to another when the incumbent is unavailable. Devolution: transferring the administration and rights, powers, property, and responsibility for a function (or all functions)
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Glossary B-3 Mission-essential function (or mission-critical function) : those functions and business processes that are important to the core operation and business of an organization, without which the negative impact would be unacceptable.
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C-1 A p p e n d i x C AAR After Action Report AOA Aviation Operations Area ARFF Aircraft Rescue and Firefighting ATC Air Traffic Control ATCT Air Traffic Control Tower BCI Business Continuity Institute BCP Business Continuity Planning BIA Business Impact Analysis (or Assessment) BSI British Standards Institute CAD Computer-Aided Design CBCI Certified -- Business Continuity Institute CBCP Certified Business Continuity Professional CBP U.S.
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C-2 Operational and Business Continuity planning for prolonged Airport disruptions IAP Incident Action Plan ICE U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement IROPS Irregular Operations ISP Internet Service Provider IT Information Technology (Department)
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D-1 A p p e n d i x d This is a template for a tabletop walk-through of the business continuity plan. Tabletop exercises are typically facilitated in a single location where participants can assemble, such as a conference room, learning center, or technology lab.
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D-2 Operational and Business Continuity planning for prolonged Airport disruptions Business Continuity Plan Exercise/Walk-Through Form Exercise Date: Completed By: Plan(s) Exercised: Description of Disruptive Incident: Participants (list names and positions or roles)
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Template for exercises D-3 Record your general observations about the team's response during the exercise: Strengths Weaknesses For each of the following success measures, rate the exercise on a scale of 1–10, with 10 being best and 1 being worst: Command Structure – Everyone knew their roles, responsibilities, what they had the authority to do and not do, whom to report to, whom to get reports from. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Course of Action – The team developed a course of action before beginning response activities, everyone understood what the intent and key tasks were, and recovery activities aligned with the intent and course of action.
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D-4 Operational and Business Continuity planning for prolonged Airport disruptions How can the team improve and better prepare for the next exercise (or incident)
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Template for exercises D-5 Issue Tasks to Resolve Issue Person/Team Responsible Due Date Table D-1. Business continuity exercise review form.
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Abbreviations and acronyms used without definitions in TRB publications: A4A Airlines for America AAAE American Association of Airport Executives AASHO American Association of State Highway Officials AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ACI–NA Airports Council International–North America ACRP Airport Cooperative Research Program ADA Americans with Disabilities Act APTA American Public Transportation Association ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials ATA American Trucking Associations CTAA Community Transportation Association of America CTBSSP Commercial Truck and Bus Safety Synthesis Program DHS Department of Homeland Security DOE Department of Energy EPA Environmental Protection Agency FAA Federal Aviation Administration FHWA Federal Highway Administration FMCSA Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration FRA Federal Railroad Administration FTA Federal Transit Administration HMCRP Hazardous Materials Cooperative Research Program IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ISTEA Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 ITE Institute of Transportation Engineers MAP-21 Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (2012) NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASAO National Association of State Aviation Officials NCFRP National Cooperative Freight Research Program NCHRP National Cooperative Highway Research Program NHTSA National Highway Traffic Safety Administration NTSB National Transportation Safety Board PHMSA Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration RITA Research and Innovative Technology Administration SAE Society of Automotive Engineers SAFETEA-LU Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (2005)
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