Recycled Materials and Byproducts in Highway Applications—Summary Report, Volume 1 (2013) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 40-51
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40 Cement Kiln Dust Background Cement kiln dust (CKD) is generated during the production of the cement clinker and is a dust particulate mixture of partially calcined and unreacted raw feed, clinker dust, and ash that is enriched with alkali sulfates, halides, and other volatiles (Adaska and Taubert 2008)
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41 Project and research data showed that using CKD in PCC applications generally reduced the compressive strength, but a combination of CKD and fly ash helped minimize the loss of strength. The best strengths were obtained when the CKD had a high CaO content and a low loss on ignition.
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42 Byproduct Number of States Using Byproduct in a Given Highway Application Asphalt Cements or Emulsions Crack Sealants Drainage Materials Embank. Flowable Fill HMA Pavement Surface Treatment (non-structural)
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43 50 to 75 tons of RAS per hour. To ensure that the RAS meets the ½ inch minus particles size, the material needed to pass through the shredder a second time.
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44 4% RAS content (Brock 2007)
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45 literature Review summary The list of the most commonly researched and used byproducts include green sands and core sands. The foundry sand byproducts are separated by their use in the casting process, which alters the physical and chemical properties.
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46 and wood proteins) to form the inside of the part.
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47 Utah was not currently using RFS in highway applications and the respondent provided information as to why, noting that the uniform size and round shape, which is a desirable property for casting metals, would make it difficult to meet the well-graded aggregate specifications and angular fines requirements for bases and HMA. Waste glass BypRoDuCts Background Waste glass from material recovery facilities is referred to by several names: glass cullet, recycled glass, soda lime glass, crushed glass, or processed glass aggregate.
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48 which could then be combined with gravel to meet specification requirements. Glass cullet greater than about 3 mm in size were visibly identifiable as crushed glass and required heavy gloves to handle safely.
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49 cretes to produce acid-resistance mixes with good strength. Research in the mid-1930s discovered that thermal properties of the sulfur mixes could be improved by adding an olefin polysulfide, marketed under the name of Thiokol.
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50 primarily well-graded sand silt particle size. Phosphogypsum (RMRC 2008)
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51 Boiler and furnace ash (energy recovery) is produced from wood, coal, or a combination of wood, coal, and other solid fuels (most common)
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