Use of Electronic Passenger Information Signage in Transit (2013) / Chapter Skim
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8 CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW The literature review revealed many reports, papers, articles, and press releases that have been written about the use of electronic passenger information signage in transit. This review has the following sections, including the five elements identified in chapter one: • Underlying technology • Signage technology • Information characteristics • Information accessibility • Accuracy and reliability • Monitoring • Standards • Required resources • Decision processes • Selection criteria • Signage placement.
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9 fitted with on-bus tracking units and 3.3 [b] illion (64%)
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10 Information is obtained from the data providers (shown on the left side of Figure 2) and transferred to the display system using several "standard communications protocols such as XML (eXtensible Markup Language)
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11 Projections for 2012 and 2013 show a sharp increase in 3 line/multi line LED in 2012. Rises in LCD screens will be more modest.
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12 advertising network (including passenger information) using LCD screens is being implemented in the 11 busiest rail stations in Belgium and 22 high-speed rail locations at Brussels-Midi and Antwerp-Central stations.
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13 • Maps of the metro, bus, and Paris surroundings • A map of the neighbourhood • A wayfinding tool, built to be intuitive and easy to use. It is a sort of modern version of the PILI (plan indicateur lumineux d'itinéraires)
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14 FIGURE 10 Sample EPD (http://www.smh.com.au/news/ breaking/electronic-paper-that-bends/2005/07/15/ 1120934404860.html)
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15 FIGURE 13 I-93 southbound VMS displaying next train departure time (19)
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16 FIGURE 16 Countdown assessment for normal service (21, p.
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17 to a range of customers with a wide variety of needs.
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18 It is important to note that U.S. federal and state regulations and standards are somewhat general in the area of information and communications accessibility.
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19 In the United Kingdom, RTIG reports that the use of audio at stops that have an electronic sign has grown over the past several years, but has not grown much over the past year. Figure 19 shows various methods that are used to provide audio at stops in the United Kingdom to augment electronic displays (6, p.
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20 screen and its cradle are adapted for use by wheelchair users and the visually impaired. ‘The ergonomics of the cradle mean wheelchair users can access the screen face on, by sliding their wheelchair underneath.
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21 The Virginia Department of Rail and Public Transportation (DRPT) has led an effort to create a technology community for transit operators statewide and has commissioned a standards working group.
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22 Further, the investment in website and phone-based real time transit information can also save an agency substantially in deployment costs. As an example, Portland deployed their Transit Tracker program in 2001 with information displays at stops, a webpage and more recently a phone system.
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23 marked, rising from 1,972 flag installations in 2010 to 2,872 in 2011. This rise of 900 signs is largely accounted for by apparent growth of 740 in the East Midlands.
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