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From page 7... ... 7 CHAPTER 3 FINDINGS Introduction Evacuations are the movement of people, and animals, to a safe area from an area believed to be at risk, when emergency situations necessitate such action. Every day, evacuations varying in magnitude take place. Read the entire page →
From page 8... ... 8 The Guide goes through the six planning steps in detail, focused on the relationships between transportation and emergency management in building a robust emergency evacuation plan. It is designed to help transportation managers and agencies to prepare to fulfill their role in large-scale evacuation and to help emergency managers better understand the broad array of transportation resources and roles that are likely present in or near their jurisdiction. Read the entire page →
From page 9... ... 9 Planning Support: The planning support mission areas focus primarily on the following four national priorities: Implement the National Incident Management System (NIMS) and National Response Framework (NRF) Read the entire page →
From page 10... ... 10 FHWA (Federal Highway Administration) September 11, 2001 served to remind everyone that there is a very real need to ensure the operation and integrity of America's surface transportation system. Read the entire page →
From page 11... ... 11 generally given the authority to order and enforce evacuations in the event of emergency situations. Under the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (HSA) Read the entire page →
From page 12... ... 12 not be sent to assist them until the emergency is resolved. State and local officials have even used tactics such as advising people to write their social security number with an indelible marker on their limbs so the parts can be identified, or complete a form that can be used to notify the next of kin. Read the entire page →
From page 13... ... 13 use a third-party facilitator to keep the meetings focused. Since the key to group planning is open and frank discussions, the third-party facilitator can also help mitigate any conflicts or disagreements that may come up in the meetings. Read the entire page →
From page 14... ... 14 also assuage any fears the community might have in disaster events. Pre-established partnerships and relationships are important for leveraging expertise and resources before, during, and after disaster events. Read the entire page →
From page 15... ... 15 given hazard or risk are addressed in Step 2, Task 2.2, and in the accompanying database templates and other tools. The planning team must also have extensive information about the jurisdiction itself. Read the entire page →
From page 16... ... 16 Tool 2.1 Preliminary Risk Assessment Step 3: Determine Goals and Objectives, Task 3.1 Determine Operational Priorities, Task 3.1.1 Develop/ consider scenarios Table 3.1 Example Scenarios from "Guidelines for Transportation Emergency Training Exercises" Table 3.2 National Planning Scenarios – summary with elaboration as to notice, public protective measures, and need for regional coordination Step 4: Plan Development Task 4.1, Develop and Analyze Courses of Action Task 4.1.1, Establish the Timeline Task 4.1.2, Depict Decision Points in the Scenario Tool 4.1.1 Real Time Evacuation Planning Model Tool 4.1.2 Public Assisted Evacuation Plan Timeline for Notice Events Step 5: Plan Preparation, Review and Approval Tool 5.2 Multi-jurisdiction Multimodal Evacuation Planning Checklists Step 6: Plan Implementation and Maintenance Resource: Evacuation Workshop Planning 101 "Workshop in a Box" Step 2, Part 2 of Understanding the Situation: Identify and Assess Needs and Capabilities of Evacuees It is critical to identify in advance the populations affected by an evacuation order. Ensuring that adequate demographic information is maintained and updated frequently will be invaluable for effective evacuation planning. Read the entire page →
From page 17... ... 17 evacuees and evacuees in support facilities and in the broader community that may require specialized transportation resources, support, equipment, and attendants as well as individuals with other access and functional needs, such as those requiring specialized communication, supervision, mobility, and transportation resources and personnel. Institutional Facilities Institutional care facilities, including hospitals, public schools and nursing homes, are required to have individual emergency plans. Read the entire page →
From page 18... ... 18 In some areas, employers have large campuses, some even with 24-hour operations. Evacuating a large industrial, government or military complex will have complicating factors, including limited access, high numbers of personal vehicles outside of large urban areas, and the need for employees to go home to evacuate their families with them, creating, in effect, a smaller scale evacuation within the context of a larger evacuation. Read the entire page →
From page 19... ... 19 any such registry is voluntary, and not all those with needs will want to or know how to register. While they may provide an additional resource, planning organizations should not rely on a registry to represent the totality of individuals who may have additional functional needs. Read the entire page →
From page 20... ... 20 months) and the complexities of recovery and reentry. Read the entire page →
From page 21... ... 21 Step 3 – Determine Goals and Objectives The outcome of the analysis process will assist planners in determining goals and objectives. For each threat or hazard, the planning team will now work through how the incident will develop, through the warnings issued, to the impact on the jurisdiction, to the consequences of the event. Read the entire page →
From page 22... ... 22 Evacuee Types: Self Evacuees and Assisted Evacuees Generally speaking, there are two broad types of evacuees: self-evacuees and assisted evacuees. The demographics developed in Step 2 will help to develop more specific goals and objectives for self-evacuees and assisted evacuees, as well as begin to think through the nuances of transportation coordination for the range of assisted evacuees. Read the entire page →
From page 23... ... 23 Planning for evacuation by personal vehicle is important, including traffic flow, timing and highway capacity considerations, as the majority of evacuees are typically self-evacuees. Tool 3.4 in the Guide includes various strategies that can be employed to facilitate the movements of self-evacuees, including contraflow lanes, selective closure of access roads and ramps to increase capacity, coordinated signal timing, incident teams and tow trucks strategically staged to quickly clear incidents, clear public information to reduce the volume of shadow evacuations, and other approaches. Read the entire page →
From page 24... ... 24 Sheltering-in-Place as a Protective Action for Some Populations Sheltering-in-place rather than evacuating may be a preferred option for some populations, such as the medically fragile, or for persons in detention, but only if the facility is suitably hardened against hurricane or other threats such as flooding. There is some risk in evacuation, and it is important to understand that some loss of life may occur due to the stress and trauma of evacuation, especially for the medically fragile. Read the entire page →
From page 25... ... 25 Tool 3.1 Evacuation Operational Priorities and Goals and Objectives Discussion Guide Tool 3.2 Transportation Coordination Spectrum of Considerations for Access and Functional Needs Populations Tool 3.4 Transportation Operations Coordination Checklists Step 4: Plan Development Figure 4.1. FEMA Capability Activity Process Flow for Citizen Evacuation and Shelter in Place Figure 4.2. Read the entire page →
From page 26... ... 26 Receiving jurisdictions would be well served to follow the FEMA Evacuee Support Planning Guide. The publication includes strategies, planning tools, templates, best practices, and other assistance receiving jurisdictions can utilize to assist in preparing to host evacuees.9 The Transportation Guide for All-Hazards Evacuation includes tools designed to assist transportation, emergency management, medical assistance, law enforcement, mass care and agriculture and livestock in coordinating in advance with a receiving jurisdiction. Read the entire page →
From page 27... ... 27 groups from Step 2 in the Guide match up with the Resource templates from Step 4 of the Guide across the timeframe steps for evacuation. Planning Strategies FEMA describes three approaches to emergency planning, which can be used singly or in combination. Read the entire page →
From page 28... ... 28 Figure 4.1 Evacuation Flowchart and Corresponding Information Databases Read the entire page →
From page 29... ... NCHRP 20-59 (32) A Transportation Guide to All-Hazards Evacuation Final Report 29 • What is the action? Read the entire page →
From page 30... ... NCHRP 20-59 (32) A Transportation Guide to All-Hazards Evacuation Final Report 30 • the resources available to aid in evacuation (including multiple transportation modes, law enforcement, destination shelters and support services along the way) Read the entire page →
From page 31... ... NCHRP 20-59 (32) A Transportation Guide to All-Hazards Evacuation Final Report 31 Amount of Advanced Notice There are two distinct evacuation plans: notice and no-notice. Read the entire page →
From page 32... ... NCHRP 20-59 (32) A Transportation Guide to All-Hazards Evacuation Final Report 32 The Catastrophic Incident Annex to the National Response Framework (NRF-CIA) Read the entire page →
From page 33... ... NCHRP 20-59 (32) A Transportation Guide to All-Hazards Evacuation Final Report 33 Among the obvious resources needed for evacuation are origin or collection points, destination points such as shelters, and means of transportation between the two. Read the entire page →
From page 34... ... NCHRP 20-59 (32) A Transportation Guide to All-Hazards Evacuation Final Report 34 the movement of larger numbers of people in a shorter time. Read the entire page →
From page 35... ... NCHRP 20-59 (32) A Transportation Guide to All-Hazards Evacuation Final Report 35 PLANNING FOR RESOURCES FEMA identifies two phases of resource management: 1. Read the entire page →
From page 36... ... NCHRP 20-59 (32) A Transportation Guide to All-Hazards Evacuation Final Report 36 • Pathfinder Task Forces • Public Works (PW) Read the entire page →
From page 37... ... NCHRP 20-59 (32) A Transportation Guide to All-Hazards Evacuation Final Report 37 4.2.4.1 Intermodal Facilities Database 4.2.4.2 Mass Transportation Modes Database 4.2.4.3 Vehicle Fleet Information 4.2.4.4 Manager/ Supervisor/ Dispatcher/ Operator Database In addition, the American Public Transportation Association (APTA) Read the entire page →
From page 38... ... APTA EMERGENCY RESPONSE PREPAREDNESS PROGRAM (List only the resources you can spare and still maintain your own daily needs) RESOURCES INVENTORY FOR: (Organization Name) Read the entire page →
From page 39... ... APTA EMERGENCY RESPONSE PREPAREDNESS PROGRAM (List only the resources you can spare and still maintain your own daily needs) RESOURCES INVENTORY FOR: (Organization Name) Read the entire page →
From page 40... ... APTA EMERGENCY RESPONSE PREPAREDNESS PROGRAM (List only the resources you can spare and still maintain your own daily needs) RESOURCES INVENTORY FOR: (Organization Name) Read the entire page →
From page 41... ... APTA EMERGENCY RESPONSE PREPAREDNESS PROGRAM (List only the resources you can spare and still maintain your own daily needs) RESOURCES INVENTORY FOR: (Organization Name) Read the entire page →
From page 42... ... APTA EMERGENCY RESPONSE PREPAREDNESS PROGRAM (List only the resources you can spare and still maintain your own daily needs) RESOURCES INVENTORY FOR: (Organization Name) Read the entire page →
From page 43... ... APTA EMERGENCY RESPONSE PREPAREDNESS PROGRAM (List only the resources you can spare and still maintain your own daily needs) RESOURCES INVENTORY FOR: (Organization Name) Read the entire page →
From page 44... ... NCHRP 20-59 (32) A Transportation Guide to All-Hazards Evacuation Final Report 44 Resource Inventorying Once resources are typed, they should be inventoried based upon mission requirements, capability of resources, and response time, according to FEMA. Read the entire page →
From page 45... ... NCHRP 20-59 (32) A Transportation Guide to All-Hazards Evacuation Final Report 45 sensors in pavement, traffic video cameras, 911 calls, officers on patrol, highway crews, ramp meter sensors, motorist cellular calls, and commercial traffic reports to ensure that traffic conditions can be monitored and response to incidents efficient. Read the entire page →
From page 46... ... NCHRP 20-59 (32) A Transportation Guide to All-Hazards Evacuation Final Report 46 including landlines, radio systems, cellular networks, and paging systems. Read the entire page →
From page 47... ... NCHRP 20-59 (32) A Transportation Guide to All-Hazards Evacuation Final Report 47 Air Transportation • Commercial and general aviation aircraft • Private and business aircraft • Helicopters • Military aircraft These modes of transportation have been evaluated in a table (Tool 3.3, Primary Entities and Transportation Modes Involved in Evacuation, as well as in the multiple inventory templates under Task 4.2. Read the entire page →
From page 48... ... NCHRP 20-59 (32) A Transportation Guide to All-Hazards Evacuation Final Report 48 6. Read the entire page →
From page 49... ... NCHRP 20-59 (32) A Transportation Guide to All-Hazards Evacuation Final Report 49 destruction. Read the entire page →
From page 50... ... NCHRP 20-59 (32) A Transportation Guide to All-Hazards Evacuation Final Report 50 Tool 4.3: Checklist for Interagency Communications and Information Sharing Between Transportation Agencies, Emergency Management and Others (also includes Public Information) Read the entire page →
From page 51... ... NCHRP 20-59 (32) A Transportation Guide to All-Hazards Evacuation Final Report 51 Re-entry Planning must also be made for re-entry into the affected area once it is safe to do so. Read the entire page →
From page 52... ... NCHRP 20-59 (32) A Transportation Guide to All-Hazards Evacuation Final Report 52 state boundaries) Read the entire page →
From page 53... ... NCHRP 20-59 (32) A Transportation Guide to All-Hazards Evacuation Final Report 53 is the only "boots on the ground" practice the plan gets. Read the entire page →

From page 7...

... 7 CHAPTER 3 FINDINGS Introduction Evacuations are the movement of people, and animals, to a safe area from an area believed to be at risk, when emergency situations necessitate such action. Every day, evacuations varying in magnitude take place.