Mapping Voids, Debonding, Delaminations, Moisture, and Other Defects Behind or Within Tunnel Linings (2013) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 358-378
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358 a p p e N D I x V Broken tiles on the interior of a tunnel (especially on the roof) are hazardous to vehicles passing through the tunnel at 55 mph.
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359 Figure V.1. Time histories of IE signals along the sixth row of the eight-tile by eight-tile grid at about Station 483 of the Chesapeake Channel Tunnel, where the thermal anomaly in SPACETEC data was detected.
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360 Figure V.3. STFT spectrograms of IE signals along the sixth row of the eight-tile by eight-tile grid at about Station 483 of the Chesapeake Channel Tunnel, where the thermal anomaly in SPACETEC data was detected.
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361 Figure V.5. Frequency spectra of IE signals along the third row of the eight-tile by eight-tile grid at about Station 483 of the Chesapeake Channel Tunnel, where the thermal anomaly in SPACETEC data was detected.
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362 Figure V.7. Visual image (left)
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363 Figure V.9. Frequency spectra of ultrasonic echo signals along the sixth row of the eight-tile by eight-tile grid at about Station 483 of the Chesapeake Channel Tunnel, where the thermal anomaly in SPACETEC data was detected.
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364 Figure V.11. Frequency spectra of ultrasonic echo signals along the third row of the eight-tile by eight-tile grid at about Station 483 of the Chesapeake Channel Tunnel, where the thermal anomaly in SPACETEC data was detected.
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365 Figure V.12. Visual image (left)
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366 Figure V.14. Sensitivity of SPACETEC thermal and visual imaging to debonded tiles as detected by manual hammer sounding.
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367 Figure V.15. Visual comparison of thermal anomalies and delaminated tiles (as detected by hammer sounding)
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368 Figure V.17. Visual comparison of thermal anomalies and delaminated tiles (as detected by hammer sounding)
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369 Figure V.20. Visual comparison of thermal anomalies and delaminated tiles (as detected by hammer sounding)
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370 Figure V.21. Visual comparison of thermal anomalies and delaminated tiles (as detected by hammer sounding)
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371 Figure V.24. Visual comparison of thermal anomalies and delaminated tiles (as detected by hammer sounding)
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372 Figure V.25. Visual comparison of thermal anomalies and delaminated tiles (as detected by hammer sounding)
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373 Figure V.27. Visual comparison of thermal anomalies and delaminated tiles (as detected by hammer sounding)
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374 Figure V.29. Visual comparison of thermal anomalies and delaminated tiles (as detected by hammer sounding)
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375 Figure V.31. Visual comparison of thermal anomalies and delaminated tiles (as detected by hammer sounding)
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376 Figure V.33. Visual comparison of thermal anomalies and delaminated tiles (as detected by hammer sounding)
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377 Figure V.35. Visual comparison of thermal anomalies and delaminated tiles (as detected by hammer sounding)
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378 Figure V.37. Visual comparison of thermal anomalies and delaminated tiles (as detected by hammer sounding)
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