Fuel Usage Factors in Highway and Bridge Construction (2013) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
Pages 53-88
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 53... ...
53 Chapter 3 presents the processes and results of the data collection phase. This phase involves the application of the three research methodologies: the engineering analysis, the contractor fuel usage survey, and the BidTabs statistical analysis.
|
From page 54... ...
54 Fuel Usage Factors in highway and Bridge Construction The project team also contacted two other organizations whose contact information was provided by a member of the NCHRP project panel. These organizations are the National Association of Minority Contractors (NAMC)
|
From page 55... ...
Findings and applications 55 The contact page contained contact information for a member of the project team (subject matter questions) and the NCHRP Project Officer (study background, legitimacy, and other concerns)
|
From page 56... ...
56 Fuel Usage Factors in highway and Bridge Construction AGC likewise reviewed the survey, provided an email indicating their support, and offered to distribute the survey to AGC members. An email to the project team dated June 20, 2011, read in part, ".
|
From page 57... ...
Findings and applications 57 The survey of fuel usage was advertised to contractors across the country. The respondents hail from 37 states.
|
From page 58... ...
58 Fuel Usage Factors in highway and Bridge Construction The responding contractors perform work in a variety of terrain types. Exhibit 3-5 displays how many contractors perform in urban or rural areas, or both.
|
From page 59... ...
Findings and applications 59 default unit suggested in the survey or an alternative unit that the project team could convert to the base unit with a conversion factor. For example, for most activities, a subset of respondents reported results in terms of gallons consumed per hour.
|
From page 60... ...
60 Fuel Usage Factors in highway and Bridge Construction designed to capture "fuel use per unit of work." A large percentage of contractors collect internal data based on equipment usage (gallons per hour) , but they do not calculate or retain data based on units of work (per ton or per cubic yard)
|
From page 61... ...
Findings and applications 61 the fuel usage estimates provided by the contracting community were within a reasonable range of accuracy as determined by the research team's engineering experts. Results within categories demonstrated consistency as well.
|
From page 62... ...
62 Fuel Usage Factors in highway and Bridge Construction Equipment Description Fuel Type Fuel Consumption (GPH) Source A 0.32 leseiD 01-D rezoD A 0.0 leseiD YBDNATS 01-D rezoD A 2.2 leseiD 3-D rezoD A 0.4 leseiD 5-D rezoD A 0.5 leseiD 6-D rezoD A 0.5 leseiD LATNER 6-D rezoD A 0.9 leseiD 7-D rezoD A 0.21 leseiD 8-D rezoD A 0.21 leseiD LATNER 8-D rezoD A 0.61 leseiD 9-D rezoD A 0.61 leseiD LATNER 9-D rezoD A 0.61 leseiD rotcarT hsuP 9-D rezoD A 0.5 leseiD 513 taC rotavacxE A 0.7 leseiD 423 taC rotavacxE A 0.11 leseiD 633 taC rotavacxE A 0.51 leseiD 543 taC rotavacxE A 0.0 leseiD ERAPS 543 taC rotavacxE A 0.5 leseiD 613 taC T/R rotavacxE A 0.11 leseiD mareoH /W rotavacxE A 0.04 leseiD 0315 taC levohS tnorF/rotavacxE A 0.6 leseiD wk 051 taC rotareneG A 0.3 leseiD wk 53 taC rotareneG A 0.7 leseiD noT 52 detalucitrA kcurT luaH A 0.8 leseiD noT 03 detalucitrA kcurT luaH A 0.11 leseiD noT 04 detalucitrA kcurT luaH A 0.32 leseiD noT 001 digiR kcurT luaH A 0.21 leseiD noT 05 digiR kcurT luaH A 0.61 leseiD noT 07 digiR kcurT luaH A 0.4 leseiD 839 T/R redaoL A 0.3 leseiD 419 taC T/R redaoL A 0.8 leseiD 089 taC T/R redaoL A 0.13 leseiD C299 taC T/R redaoL A 0.4 leseiD 059 taC T/R redaoL A 0.3 leseiD reetS/dikS redaoL A 0.7 leseiD 359 taC kcarT redaoL A 0.31 leseiD 379 taC kcarT redaoL A 0.31 leseiD LATNER 379 taC kcarT redaoL A 0.3 leseiD 614 taC eohkcaB/redaoL A 0.5 leseiD 034 taC eohkcaB/redaoL A 0.4 leseiD 83TI taC reirraC looT/redaoL A 0.6 leseiD 21 taC redarG rotoM A 0.9 leseiD SPG/w 41 taC redarG rotoM A 0.11 leseiD 61 taC redarG rotoM A 0.7 leseiD rotcapmoC lioS 518 relloR A 0.4 leseiD )
|
From page 63... ...
Findings and applications 63 B 0.1 leseiD kcurT noitcepsnI egdirB B 0.3 leseiD moorB B 0.2 saG nadeS raC B 0.6 leseiD 008 rosserpmoC B 5.1 leseiD 581-58 rosserpmoC B 0.2 leseiD rehsiniF kceD egdirB etercnoC B 0.1 saG waS etercnoC B 0.7 leseiD revaP mrofpilS etercnoC B 0.01 leseiD relwarC noT 001 enarC B 0.5 leseiD LATNER relwarC noT 001 enarC B 0.3 leseiD kcurT noT 21 enarC B 0.3 leseiD ciluardyH noT 81-51 enarC B 5.3 leseiD relwarC noT 52 enarC B 0.6 leseiD ciluardyH noT 03 enarC B 5.6 leseiD ciluardyH noT 04 enarC B 0.5 leseiD rotoM noT 54 enarC B 0.5 leseiD relwarC noT 05 enarC B 0.7 leseiD ciluardyH noT 05 enarC B 0.8 leseiD relwarC noT 57 enarC B 1.1 leseiD tfilkroF B 0.5 leseiD 088 lladarG B 0.1 leseiD tfilnaM S006 GLJ B 0.1 saG wk6 tnalP thgiL B 0.1 leseiD ) leseiD( remmaH eliP B 0.0 leuF oN LATNER )
|
From page 64... ...
64 Fuel Usage Factors in highway and Bridge Construction hour, as well as the data source for each item's fuel consumption rates. In total, fuel consumption rates are provided for 122 different pieces of equipment.
|
From page 65... ...
Findings and applications 65 Task Description Unit noT enotS esaB ercA thgiL - gniraelC ercA muideM - gniraelC ercA yvaeH - gniraelC ) toof raenil( .F.L reirraB naideM etercnoC Concrete Pavement (
|
From page 66... ...
66 Fuel Usage Factors in highway and Bridge Construction • Asphalt, • Milling, • Structures, • Miscellaneous concrete/concrete pavement/retaining wall, • Drainage pipe and structures/water/sewer, and • Specialty items (fencing/guardrail/landscaping/pavement marking/signalization)
|
From page 67... ...
Findings and applications 67 Clearing (Heavy) would be in areas that are densely populated with trees and brush and in more virgin area projects where there are no current roads.
|
From page 68... ...
68 Fuel Usage Factors in highway and Bridge Construction Exhibit 3-11. (Continued)
|
From page 69... ...
Findings and applications 69 Base Stone Unlike clearing and grading items, the base stone category will have a more standard crew. The largest variable in the base stone task is the haul distance from the quarry to the project site, which can vary widely from project to project and state to state.
|
From page 70... ...
70 Fuel Usage Factors in highway and Bridge Construction Work Task Unit of Measure Production Rate Production Rate Unit of Measure Hot Mix Asphalt - Structural Course (0-5 mile haul) Ton 200.06 Ton/Hour Truck 1/2 Ton (1)
|
From page 71... ...
Findings and applications 71 distance from the project site to the disposal site. As mentioned previously, these distances can vary dramatically from project to project and state to state.
|
From page 72... ...
72 Fuel Usage Factors in highway and Bridge Construction on the cubic yards of concrete poured. Although the actual pouring of the concrete takes place relatively quickly, the production rate accounts for the preparation, forming, pouring, wrecking, and finishing of the concrete.
|
From page 73... ...
Findings and applications 73 Work Task Unit of Measure Production Rate Production Rate Unit of Measure Substructure Concrete C.Y. 10.00 C.Y./Hour Truck 1/2 Ton (1)
|
From page 74... ...
74 Fuel Usage Factors in highway and Bridge Construction Storm Drainage/Water/Sewer Pipe crews are generally consistent from project to project and generally vary by pipe size and depth. The estimating panel produced generally consistent equipment lists and production rates.
|
From page 75... ...
Findings and applications 75 Work Task Unit of Measure Production Rate Production Rate Unit of Measure Small Pipe Crew (
|
From page 76... ...
76 Fuel Usage Factors in highway and Bridge Construction Work Task Unit of Measure Production Rate Production Rate Unit of Measure Fencing (up to 6' height)
|
From page 77... ...
Findings and applications 77 Estimated Quantity: 1,000 L.F. Estimated Production Rate: 24 L.F./Hour Estimated Crew Time: 41.67 Hours (1,000 L.F./24 L.F./Hour)
|
From page 78... ...
78 Fuel Usage Factors in highway and Bridge Construction Exhibit 3-24 displays the fuel use per unit for the work tasks under the milling category. The 2- to 4-inch milling tasks have higher fuel use than the corresponding 0- to 1-inch tasks, and the difference is exacerbated as hauling distances increase.
|
From page 79... ...
Findings and applications 79 Exhibit 3-28 displays the fuel use per unit for specialty items that do not belong to the above work categories. Some heavy fuel use work tasks include skip and solid pavement marking at 4.5 gallons per linear meter each.
|
From page 80... ...
80 Fuel Usage Factors in highway and Bridge Construction to tabulate unit prices for pay items over time. This required the development of a database of unit costs.
|
From page 81... ...
Findings and applications 81 STATE PAY ITEM # PAY ITEM TINUYTITNAUQTINUNOITPIRCSED PRICE CATEGORY BID DATE WV 502001-012 12 INCH PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE APPROACH SLAB S.Y. 290.00 205.00 26 (concrete pavement)
|
From page 82... ...
82 Fuel Usage Factors in highway and Bridge Construction 3.3.2 KLEEM Model of Fuel Usage After completing the tabulation of the unit prices for pay items over the 5-year period, the team used the diesel fuel price index from the initial statistical analysis from the first phase as a surrogate for other fuel types. With the individual price items and fuel prices over time, the team proceeded to integrate the KLEEM model into the statistical model.
|
From page 83... ...
Findings and applications 83 In this way, the model can be simplified to one variable: fuel. In the one-variable model, the quantities and prices of all other inputs are considered fixed.
|
From page 84... ...
84 Fuel Usage Factors in Highway and Bridge Construction cost index is provided in Exhibit 3-32. The labor prices for the construction industry were calculated as a 50-day moving average of the quarterly construction wages price series (December 2005 = 100)
|
From page 85... ...
Findings and applications 85 pay items with a range of less than 3 years of data. This step was required to ensure that the prices reflect a wide range of the changes in input prices that occurred over the 5-year time period covered by this study.
|
From page 86... ...
86 Fuel Usage Factors in Highway and Bridge Construction Category Unit Item Bridge C.Y.
|
From page 87... ...
Findings and applications 87 In the third stage, two-variable KLEEM model regressions were estimated for each pay item grouping in each state using the change in weighted-average price per unit as a function of the changes in the mean fuel price and labor cost. In this stage, regressions were estimated for approximately 330 state/pay item groupings.
|
From page 88... ...
88 Fuel Usage Factors in highway and Bridge Construction Pay Item Group [Unit] Estimated Gallons/Unit Number of States 6 83.0 ]
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.