A Compendium of Best Practices and Lessons Learned for Improving Local Community Recovery from Disastrous Hazardous Materials Transportation Incidents (2012) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 39-72
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39 4.1 Overview Advance planning is critical to effective disaster recovery. Examining recovery efforts from previous domestic and international disasters resulting from hazardous materials incidents, as well as other causal factors, affords a wide variety of best practices and lessons learned that can be applied as communities seek not only to recover, but also to build resiliency by undertaking recovery planning initiatives.
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40 A Compendium of Best Practices and Lessons Learned incident can be found on the DOT website (http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/ publications.htm#eto)
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Best Practices for Community Recovery Planning 41 Various agencies at the federal and state levels, as well as private-sector and non-profit organizations, have developed guidance for creating and implementing emergency plans, business continuity programs, and other guidance that is valuable in terms of deriving recovery planning policies and procedures. Emergency plans at all levels address some basics of recovery from hazardous materials incidents within the context of their responsibilities and ESF #10 – Oil and Hazardous Materials Response.
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42 A Compendium of Best Practices and Lessons Learned Sample Hazardous Materials Plan Contra Costa County Hazardous Materials Area Plan, County of Contra Costa, CA, William Walker, MD, Health Services Director; Randall L Sawyer, Hazardous Materials Division Director; and Michael P
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Best Practices for Community Recovery Planning 43 Case Study (Continued)
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44 A Compendium of Best Practices and Lessons Learned Planning Guidance (Continued)
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Best Practices for Community Recovery Planning 45 – Test and evaluate pre-disaster plans through seminars, workshops, and exercises; – Build partnerships between neighborhoods and local government agencies that form the basis for pre- and post-multihazard assessments and support for mitigation actions; – Integrate pre-disaster recovery planning (e.g., response, land use, and hazard mitigation planning) with other appropriate community planning (e.g., comprehensive accessibility design and capital improvement planning)
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46 A Compendium of Best Practices and Lessons Learned a safer and better community for the future. According to FEMA, successfully avoiding such undesirable outcomes requires "identifying in advance those decisions that will need to be made after a disaster that are most likely to have long-term repercussions .
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Best Practices for Community Recovery Planning 47 • Faith-based organizations; • Members of the general public; • Individuals with economic development expertise; and • Technical specialists to address specific issues. After reviewing numerous state and local plans, the Government Accountability Office has identified three key characteristics of successful state and local government recovery plans developed in the post-incident period, including the following: • Identifying clear recovery goals; • Detailing information to facilitate recovery implementation; and • Establishing plans in a timely manner.77 The overall purpose of the recovery plan is to provide clear, specific, and timely guidance to achieve not only a quick return to pre-incident conditions, but to strengthen communities by fostering sustainable recovery.
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48 A Compendium of Best Practices and Lessons Learned • Developing tools and metrics for evaluating progress against set goals, objectives, and milestones; and • Identifying resource requirements and conducting acquisition planning. FEMA has found that a good way of encouraging community involvement in the post- incident recovery planning process is through a series of structured "town hall" meetings (see Figure 4-1)
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Best Practices for Community Recovery Planning 49 A significant component of this approach is for local communities, other government agencies, and the private sector to evaluate their capabilities to prepare for, mitigate against, respond to, and recover from all incidents no matter what their cause. Such a capability analysis will identify short falls in planning and resources that will allow a focused approach to preparedness and planning for an incident.
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50 A Compendium of Best Practices and Lessons Learned decontamination criteria will be established following the incident when the specifics of the hazardous materials are known and the techniques for effective decontamination can be identified and implemented. During pre-incident planning, consideration can be given to the requirements for decontaminating individuals in the field outside the hot zone, including the physical size of the decontamination area, identifying transportation resources for moving individuals, determinations of whether individuals will be transported out of the hot zone with community resources or be allowed to drive their personal vehicles, and determining whether or not personal vehicles will need to be decontaminated.
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Best Practices for Community Recovery Planning 51 individual and household needs must be met. Consideration must be given to individuals with special needs (seniors, those who are infirm, children)
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52 A Compendium of Best Practices and Lessons Learned Typically, these three activities are initiated outdoors. When establishing these locations, inclement weather and the comfort of the victims, as well as staff, should be considered and addressed.
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Best Practices for Community Recovery Planning 53 Staging Facility Requirements Using staging sites to manage patient loads at operating dispensing sites requires that planners pre-select a sufficiently large gathering point with adequate access for ground transportation to and from dispensing sites. One example of a good staging site is a local shopping mall.
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54 A Compendium of Best Practices and Lessons Learned Interim Housing. There is no legal mandate for government (either local or state)
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Best Practices for Community Recovery Planning 55 plans, officials must balance the intensive effort to supply temporary housing with the need to immediately start developing plans for restoring permanent housing. Pre-incident planning for interim housing typically involves input from the community's housing authority.
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56 A Compendium of Best Practices and Lessons Learned • Just over 26 percent of those screened during the first round had some form of inflammation in their airways. • Nearly a third of those checked in the first round showed evidence of possible conditions such as asthma.
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Best Practices for Community Recovery Planning 57 (covered in Section 4.3.2) ; beginning the outline of a decontamination plan should decontamination of the infrastructure be required by the incident; and debris management.
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58 A Compendium of Best Practices and Lessons Learned implementation during the recovery process. At that time, it will be easy to adjust priorities based on actual impacts.
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Best Practices for Community Recovery Planning 59 the contaminated materials often must be picked up and placed in appropriate containers for shipment to a long-term hazardous materials storage site. The removal of contaminated sand and soil can be a very labor-intensive and expensive process for a community.
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60 A Compendium of Best Practices and Lessons Learned Sample Plan Radiological Incident Response: Decontamination of Buildings and Public Sites, Lessons Learned Information Sharing (www.llis.gov) The following represents an outline of the topics covered in the referenced plan and is taken directly from that document.
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Best Practices for Community Recovery Planning 61 4.7.1 Pre-Incident Planning for Environmental Remediation As with the decontamination plan previously discussed, an environmental recovery plan plays an important role in recovery operations by defining the magnitude of the operation, clearly presenting what needs to be cleaned and restored, and developing the standard for "how clean is clean," covering the natural resources of air, water, and soil and incorporating standards for capturing and cleaning wildlife of all kinds. Pre-incident planning activities for environmental recovery include developing good quality maps that clearly define protected and sensitive environmental areas, the wildlife living within them, soil types, flora and fauna and water condition.
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62 A Compendium of Best Practices and Lessons Learned Case Study (Continued)
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Best Practices for Community Recovery Planning 63 grams to provide rapid assistance to businesses will be necessary to minimize loss of revenue, even if that level of assistance is only to provide support in finding vacant space into which businesses can move temporarily. Additionally, it is incumbent on local business to address business continuity issues before an incident occurs.
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64 A Compendium of Best Practices and Lessons Learned Case Study (Continued)
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Best Practices for Community Recovery Planning 65 Barriers to Implementation For those communities and states that potentially could fund such operations, they will need legal authority for providing government funds to private businesses. Possible Resolution to Implementation Barriers Communities and states could work with legal counsel to explore their ability to legally fund such operations.
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66 A Compendium of Best Practices and Lessons Learned Planning Guidance Long-Term Community Recovery Planning Process – A Self Help Guide (FEMA, 2005) The guidance summarized here is taken from the referenced document.
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Best Practices for Community Recovery Planning 67 issues that require consideration. Louisiana residents who participated in Open House events agreed on several of the following key issues: – Better hurricane protection and levees, – Development of new housing, and – Restoration of coastal areas.
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68 A Compendium of Best Practices and Lessons Learned Risk is generally defined as the product of an event's likelihood and the consequences if it were to take place. The more information that is available for the assessment, the more factors that can be employed to more accurately represent the risk.
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Best Practices for Community Recovery Planning 69 The planning team responsible for developing such routes and criteria would include the following: 1. Elected officials; 2.
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70 A Compendium of Best Practices and Lessons Learned information are also generally provided by 511 systems. The San Francisco Bay Bridge incident has been an exception for 511 systems in providing alternate routes for motorists.
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Best Practices for Community Recovery Planning 71 4.9.4 Encourage Planning, Training, and Exercising with Pipeline Owners and Operators Pipelines represent a unique issue for local communities because typically they are owned and operated by utility companies or private industry. As such, the community has little oversight in relation to their operations and maintenance.
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72 A Compendium of Best Practices and Lessons Learned Lessons Learned/Best Practices Summary Case Study: Strategic National Stockpile Distribution Planning: Using Staging Sites to Segment Dispensing Processes, Lessons Learned Information Sharing (www.llis.gov) Provides information on: • Staging Site Advantages and Disadvantages • Staging Site Functions • Staging Facility Requirements • Public Information Requirements • Transportation Requirements • Triage at Staging Sites Case Study: Economic Recovery from the 9/11 Disaster: Lessons from New York State's Response in Lower Manhattan, Karl Seidman, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Beth Siegel, Mt.
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